Kamis, 09 Juni 2011
alessandro nesta (CANTER BACK)
Alessandro Nesta (lahir di Roma, Italia, 19 Maret 1976; umur 35 tahun) adalah seorang pemain sepak bola Italia. Ia mengawali karier profesionalnya di klub SS Lazio. Dia turut membantu SS Lazio meraih Piala Winners pada tahun 1999. Ia memiliki tinggi tubuh 187 cm dan berposisi sebagai bek tengah dan bergabung dengan AC Milan sejak tahun 2002. Nesta termasuk andalan dalam tim nasional Italia untuk membantu sektor pertahanan. Ia mengawali debut bersama SS Lazio pada tanggal 13 Maret1994 melawan Udinese dengan skor akhir 2-2. Di AC Milan dia meraih 1 juara liga Italia Serie A, 2 Piala/Liga Champions, 1 Piala Super Eropa, 1 Piala Italia, 1 League Supercup. Dia masuk dalam timnas di piala dunia 2006 di Jerman. Pada pertandingan melawan Ceko, dia cedera. Walaupun tidak ikut bermain di final Piala Dunia, Italia berhasil keluar menjadi juara yang ditentukan oleh adu penalti. Nesta juga telah pensiun dari tim nasional Italia.
KAPTEN ( paolo maldini )
Paolo Maldini
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Paolo Maldini (lahir di Milan, Italia, 26 Juni 1968; umur 42 tahun) adalah seorang pesepak bola Italia. Sepanjang kariernya dia hanya bermain di klub AC Milan, di mana dia paling sering diposisikan sebagai bek kiri dan bek tengah. Ia bertinggi tubuh 188 cm. Maldini adalah salah satu legenda sepak bola Italia yang sangat disegani. Meskipun sekarang umurnya sudah hampir mencapai kepala empat, tapi dia tetap konsisten dengan permainannya. Di Milan, saat ini ia sering dipasangkan dengan Alessandro Nesta jika bermain sebagai bek tengah.
Di pentas Seri A, Paolo Maldini berhasil menyamai rekor penampilan Dino Zoff di Seri A sebanyak 570 kali pada 18 September 2005 dalam pertandingan melawan Sampdoria. Pertandingan tersebut juga merupakan yang ke-800 dalam kariernya bersama AC Milan. Kontrak Maldini awalnya akan berakhir pada akhir musim 2007-08 namun kemudian diperpanjang hingga musim 2008-09. Untuk dedikasi terhadap klubnya, AC Milan, seragam bernomor 3 akan turut dipensiunkan sampai putranya, Christian, masuk ke skuad utama AC Milan.
[sunting] Karier klub
Debut Maldini di Seri A terjadi pada tahun 1985 melawan Udinese, saat berusia 16 tahun. Sejak saat itu dia mempunyai karier yang cemerlang, memenangi banyak trofi bersama Milan (hingga 2007: 7 gelar Seri A dan 4 gelar Liga Champions). Maldini bisa dikatakan adalah bek terbaik di dunia pada puncak kariernya. Hal ini ditandai dengan keberhasilan Maldini meraih Ballon d'Or versi majalah France Football pada tahun 1994.
Pada debutnya, Maldini dipasang oleh pelatih Nils Liedholm sebagai bek kanan. Musim berikutnya, posisi Maldini diubah menjadi bek kiri, seiring kemampuannya menggunakan kedua kakinya. Di posisi ini Maldini melegenda sampai bertahun-tahun sebagai seorang bek kiri. Pada tahun 1997, setelah Franco Baresi (kapten dan bek tengah Milan) pensiun, Maldini mulai dicoba posisi sebagai bek sentral. Peran ini dilakoni dengan baik, hingga saat ini Paolo Maldini juga dikenal sebagai seorang bek sentral. Maldini juga dikenal akan kepemimpinannya yang berpengaruh, temperamennya yang tenang dan pertahanannya yang tanpa cela.
Maldini adalah orang ke-5 yang tampil seratus kali di Liga Champions sepanjang sejarah seiring dengan penampilannya melawan Glasgow Celtic di babak kedua Liga Champions Eropa 2006/2007. Setelah 22 tahun membela Milan, Maldini melempar pernyataan tentang kemungkinan dirinya akan pensiun pada akhir musim 2007/2008, seiring dengan berakhir kontrak dirinya dengan Milan. Namun, menginjak usia 40 tahun pada bulan Juni 2008, Maldini masih akan bermain untuk Milan pada musim 2008/2009. Maldini benar-benar pensiun pada musim 2009, ia telah memutuskan untuk pensiun dari AC milan, klub yang telah membesarkan namanya.
[sunting] Tim nasional
Sama dengan karier klub-nya, Paolo Maldini pertama bermain di tim nasional sebagai bek kiri. Pada tahun 1998, Paolo Maldini pertama kali bermain sebagai bek sentral dalamm sistem tiga bek tengah di Piala Dunia 1998. Selepas itu, seiring dengan perannya di klub, Maldini selalu bermain sebagai bek sentral di tim nasional sampai menyatakan mundur pada tahun 2002.
Maldini adalah pemain dengan rekor penampilan terbanyak dalam tim nasional Italia meski belum pernah meraih gelar pada tingkat internasional. Maldini berpartisipasi di empat Piala Dunia, dan turut serta dalam final Piala Dunia 1994. Dia pensiun dari timnas setelah Piala Dunia 2002 dengan jumlah penampilan 126 kali dan mencetak 7 gol. Selain itu, Paolo Maldini juga 3 kali masuk ke dalam skuad Italia di Piala Eropa, yaitu di tahun 1988, 1996 dan 2000. Pada Piala Eropa 2000 Maldini menjadi kapten dari tim nasional Italia yang kalah dramatis dari Perancis di final.
Setelah pensiun dari timnas, Paolo Maldini masih bermain untuk AC Milan, dan membantu klub tersebut memenangi gelar juara Liga Champions tahun 2003 dan juara Serie A Italia pada tahun berikutnya. Sehingga muncul tuntutan publik yang menginginkan Maldini untuk keluar dari masa pensiun timnas-nya guna mengikuti Piala Eropa pada tahun 2004, namun hal tersebut ditolak dengan alasan pribadi. Pada 31 Mei 2009 menjadi lembaran akhir Maldini berkaos AC Milan. Ia resmi gantung sepatu di laga terakhirnya AC Milan versus Fiorentina di kandang Fiorentina. Pertandingan itu dimenangkan AC Milan dengan skor 2-0.
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Langsung ke: navigasi, cari
Paolo Maldini (lahir di Milan, Italia, 26 Juni 1968; umur 42 tahun) adalah seorang pesepak bola Italia. Sepanjang kariernya dia hanya bermain di klub AC Milan, di mana dia paling sering diposisikan sebagai bek kiri dan bek tengah. Ia bertinggi tubuh 188 cm. Maldini adalah salah satu legenda sepak bola Italia yang sangat disegani. Meskipun sekarang umurnya sudah hampir mencapai kepala empat, tapi dia tetap konsisten dengan permainannya. Di Milan, saat ini ia sering dipasangkan dengan Alessandro Nesta jika bermain sebagai bek tengah.
Di pentas Seri A, Paolo Maldini berhasil menyamai rekor penampilan Dino Zoff di Seri A sebanyak 570 kali pada 18 September 2005 dalam pertandingan melawan Sampdoria. Pertandingan tersebut juga merupakan yang ke-800 dalam kariernya bersama AC Milan. Kontrak Maldini awalnya akan berakhir pada akhir musim 2007-08 namun kemudian diperpanjang hingga musim 2008-09. Untuk dedikasi terhadap klubnya, AC Milan, seragam bernomor 3 akan turut dipensiunkan sampai putranya, Christian, masuk ke skuad utama AC Milan.
[sunting] Karier klub
Debut Maldini di Seri A terjadi pada tahun 1985 melawan Udinese, saat berusia 16 tahun. Sejak saat itu dia mempunyai karier yang cemerlang, memenangi banyak trofi bersama Milan (hingga 2007: 7 gelar Seri A dan 4 gelar Liga Champions). Maldini bisa dikatakan adalah bek terbaik di dunia pada puncak kariernya. Hal ini ditandai dengan keberhasilan Maldini meraih Ballon d'Or versi majalah France Football pada tahun 1994.
Pada debutnya, Maldini dipasang oleh pelatih Nils Liedholm sebagai bek kanan. Musim berikutnya, posisi Maldini diubah menjadi bek kiri, seiring kemampuannya menggunakan kedua kakinya. Di posisi ini Maldini melegenda sampai bertahun-tahun sebagai seorang bek kiri. Pada tahun 1997, setelah Franco Baresi (kapten dan bek tengah Milan) pensiun, Maldini mulai dicoba posisi sebagai bek sentral. Peran ini dilakoni dengan baik, hingga saat ini Paolo Maldini juga dikenal sebagai seorang bek sentral. Maldini juga dikenal akan kepemimpinannya yang berpengaruh, temperamennya yang tenang dan pertahanannya yang tanpa cela.
Maldini adalah orang ke-5 yang tampil seratus kali di Liga Champions sepanjang sejarah seiring dengan penampilannya melawan Glasgow Celtic di babak kedua Liga Champions Eropa 2006/2007. Setelah 22 tahun membela Milan, Maldini melempar pernyataan tentang kemungkinan dirinya akan pensiun pada akhir musim 2007/2008, seiring dengan berakhir kontrak dirinya dengan Milan. Namun, menginjak usia 40 tahun pada bulan Juni 2008, Maldini masih akan bermain untuk Milan pada musim 2008/2009. Maldini benar-benar pensiun pada musim 2009, ia telah memutuskan untuk pensiun dari AC milan, klub yang telah membesarkan namanya.
[sunting] Tim nasional
Sama dengan karier klub-nya, Paolo Maldini pertama bermain di tim nasional sebagai bek kiri. Pada tahun 1998, Paolo Maldini pertama kali bermain sebagai bek sentral dalamm sistem tiga bek tengah di Piala Dunia 1998. Selepas itu, seiring dengan perannya di klub, Maldini selalu bermain sebagai bek sentral di tim nasional sampai menyatakan mundur pada tahun 2002.
Maldini adalah pemain dengan rekor penampilan terbanyak dalam tim nasional Italia meski belum pernah meraih gelar pada tingkat internasional. Maldini berpartisipasi di empat Piala Dunia, dan turut serta dalam final Piala Dunia 1994. Dia pensiun dari timnas setelah Piala Dunia 2002 dengan jumlah penampilan 126 kali dan mencetak 7 gol. Selain itu, Paolo Maldini juga 3 kali masuk ke dalam skuad Italia di Piala Eropa, yaitu di tahun 1988, 1996 dan 2000. Pada Piala Eropa 2000 Maldini menjadi kapten dari tim nasional Italia yang kalah dramatis dari Perancis di final.
Setelah pensiun dari timnas, Paolo Maldini masih bermain untuk AC Milan, dan membantu klub tersebut memenangi gelar juara Liga Champions tahun 2003 dan juara Serie A Italia pada tahun berikutnya. Sehingga muncul tuntutan publik yang menginginkan Maldini untuk keluar dari masa pensiun timnas-nya guna mengikuti Piala Eropa pada tahun 2004, namun hal tersebut ditolak dengan alasan pribadi. Pada 31 Mei 2009 menjadi lembaran akhir Maldini berkaos AC Milan. Ia resmi gantung sepatu di laga terakhirnya AC Milan versus Fiorentina di kandang Fiorentina. Pertandingan itu dimenangkan AC Milan dengan skor 2-0.
raja tendangan bebas ( ANDREA PIRLO )
Andrea Pirlo
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Andrea Pirlo APirlo.jpg
Pirlo playing for Milan
Personal information
Full name Andrea Pirlo
Date of birth 19 May 1979 (1979-05-19) (age 32)
Place of birth Flero, Lombardy, Italy
Height 1.77 m (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
Playing position Midfielder
Club information
Current club Juventus
Number TBD
Youth career
1994–1995 Brescia
Senior career*
Years Team Apps† (Gls)†
1995–1998 Brescia 47 (6)
1998–2001 Internazionale 22 (0)
1999–2000 → Reggina (loan) 29 (6)
2001 → Brescia (loan) 10 (0)
2001–2011 Milan 284 (32)
2011– Juventus 0 (0)
National team‡
1998–2002 Italy U-21 37 (15)
2000–2004 Olympic Italy 9 (1)
2002– Italy 74 (9)
Honours[show]
Competitor for Italy
Summer Olympics
Bronze 2004 Athens
FIFA World Cup
Gold Germany 2006
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 14 May 2011.
† Appearances (Goals).
‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 7 June 2011
Andrea Pirlo, Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI[1][2] (born 19 May 1979 in Flero, Lombardy), is an Italian World Cup winning footballer who currently plays for Serie A club Juventus, and for the Italian national team. He is usually deployed as a deep-lying playmaker for both Milan and Italy and is regarded as one of best players in this position.[3] Praised for his inventive play and his long passing ability, he is also a set-piece specialist.[4]
Pirlo has played for the Italian youth teams U-15, U-18 and U-21, captaining and leading the latter to victory in the 2000 as the Golden Player and Top Scorer of the tournament. He joined the Italian senior side during the qualification round for World Cup 2002 and captained the national team to a bronze medal in the 2004 Olympics. Later, he was instrumental in their victory in the 2006 World Cup. He was named man of the match three times, including the final, more than any other player in the tournament, and ultimately won the Bronze Ball (third best player in tournament).
With Milan, he has won two UEFA Champions League (2003 and 2007), two European Super Cups (2003 and 2007), two Scudetto (2004 and 2011), an Italian Super Cup (2004), a FIFA Club World Cup (2007), and the Italian Cup in 2003.
He came in third and second in IFFHS World Playmaker of the Year awards in 2006 and 2007, respectively.[5][5] Fellow players on the Italian team gave him the nickname "l'architetto" (the architect) because his long passes frequently set up goal-scoring opportunities for the Azzurri (Italian national team).[6]
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Club career
o 1.1 Milan
o 1.2 Juventus
* 2 International career
* 3 Personal life
* 4 Career statistics
o 4.1 International goals
* 5 Honours
o 5.1 Milan
o 5.2 International
o 5.3 Individual
* 6 References
* 7 External links
[edit] Club career
Pirlo was born in Flero, Lombardy, Italy. His brother Ivan plays for a Serie C2 club in Brescia. Pirlo made his debut for Brescia against Reggina. After breaking into the Brescia first team, Pirlo was spotted by Internazionale coach, Mircea Lucescu who signed the playmaker. However, Pirlo was unable to break into the first squad and Internazionale finished 8th in the 1998–99 Serie A campaign. Pirlo was shipped off on loan to the club he made his debut against in 1995, Reggina. After an impressive season he returned to Internazionale but was once again unable to break into the first squad making just 4 league appearances and spent the second half of the season on loan at former club, Brescia.
[edit] Milan
Andrea Pirlo warming up with Milan against Fiorentina
After 3 seasons on the Internazionale books, Pirlo was sold to fierce rivals, Fatih Terim's Milan for 35 billion Italian lire[7] (about €18 million) but part of the fees paid via Dražen Brnčić joining Inter. That transfer windows the two clubs has also swapped Cristian Brocchi for Guly; Paolo Ginestra for Matteo Bogani. The deals later reported by press were also aimed to create "false profit" by inflating the transfer fees in the swap deal, which Ginestra and Bogani both created €3.5million "profit" for both clubs but in terms of registration rights, while Brnčić created a lurid €9.6 million gain.[8][9]
It was at Milan where he found his true strides developing into a world class player. With Milan, he won two Scudetto and two Champions League titles. He also won an Italian Cup and two UEFA Super Cups with Milan in 2003 and 2007. However, his most forgettable incident was the penalty miss during 2005 UEFA Champions League Final, as he found his spot kick was saved by Jerzy Dudek.
Pirlo started his career as an offensive midfielder until coach Carlo Ancelotti developed for him a deep-seated playmaking role at Milan. Since then, he has formed a formidable partnership with Gennaro Gattuso in the midfield and has earned the nickname "the metronome" for the way he sets the team's rhythm.[10] He led Serie A in the 2002–03 season in four special categories, passes played (2589), ball possession (123 hours played and 39 minutes), successful balls (661) and successful passes (2093). This implies that he averaged almost 90 passes per game. He led Milan in minutes played for the 2006–07 season with 2,782. In October 2007, he was nominated for the 2007 FIFA World Player of the Year Award but it went to Milan teammate Kaká instead. After Kaká and coach Carlo Ancelotti left Milan in the summer of 2009, Chelsea tested Milan's resolve by bidding $12m and Claudio Pizarro for Pirlo. The club rejected the offer and Pirlo was said to be contemplating a transfer request.[citation needed] On 5 August, Berlusconi decided not to sell Pirlo who said he was overjoyed and wanted to end his career at Milan.[11] On 21 October 2009, Pirlo scored a brilliant 30 meter goal in Milan's 3–2 win over Real Madrid.
On 2 October 2010, Pirlo scored a brilliant 40-yard goal against Parma to give Milan their first away win of the 2010–11 season. The shot was going 84 kilometres per hour.
On 18 May, 2011, Pirlo confirmed that he would be leaving Milan at the end of the 2010-11 season, after a mutual decision not to renew his contract.[12]
[edit] Juventus
Juventus have announced that they have signed midfielder Andrea Pirlo as a free agent on a contract that will last until 2014. “The contract signed is from July 1, 2011 until June 30, 2014.”[13]
[edit] International career
Andrea Pirlo playing for Italy against Belgium
Pirlo captained Italy to an Under-21 European Championship in 2000 and semi-finalists in 2002. Pirlo played for Italy at the 2000 Summer Olympics, won the bronze medal at the 2004 Olympics.
Pirlo was a member of the Italian Squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. In Italy's first match in the tournament, Pirlo scored the opening goal against Ghana, and subsequently set up a goal for Vincenzo Iaquinta to seal the 2–0 victory. He was named the Man of the Match. In the second match, he set up a diving header for Alberto Gilardino from a set piece which proved to be vital in their 1–1 draw against the United States. In their final group stage match Pirlo found Marco Materazzi's game winning header from a corner kick against the Czech Republic. In the semifinal against Germany, he assisted on the opening goal in the dying minutes and was again named Man of the Match. In the final against France, his corner kick produced Marco Materazzi's equalizing header ten minutes after France had opened the score. The match went to a penalty shoot-out, in which he scored. He was named Man of the Match for a third time, and was voted third-best player of the tournament.[citation needed]
Pirlo was not be able to play the first two games in the 2010 FIFA World Cup for Italy, due to recent injuries. He came off the bench for Italy late in the match on 24 June against Slovakia. Even with his help in orchestrating a renewed Italian offense, Pirlo could not prevent Italy from being knocked out of the first round.
[edit] Personal life
Andrea Pirlo and his wife Deborah Roversi married in 2001 and have two children: son Niccolò (born 2003) and daughter Angela (born 2006).[14]
Although often thought otherwise Pirlo is not of Sinti origin and clarified this in interviews with Sky Sport.
[edit] Career statistics
As of 14 May 2011[15]
Team Season Domestic
League Domestic
Cup European
Competition1 Other
Tournaments2 Total
Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Brescia 1994–95 1 0 - - - - - - 1 0
1995–96 - - - - - - - - 0 0
1996–97 17 2 1 0 - - - - 18 2
1997–98 29 4 1 0 - - - - 30 4
Total 47 6 2 0 – – – – 49 6
Internazionale 1998–99 18 0 5 0 7 0 - - 30 0
2000–01 4 0 1 0 3 0 - - 8 0
Total 22 0 6 0 10 0 – – 38 0
Reggina (loan) 1999–00 29 6 2 0 - - - - 31 6
Total 29 6 2 0 – – – – 31 6
Brescia (loan) 2001 10 0 - - - - - - 10 0
Total 10 0 – – – – – – 10 0
Milan 2001–02 18 2 2 0 9 0 - - 29 2
2002–03 27 9 2 0 13 0 - - 42 9
2003–04 32 6 - - 10 1 2 1 44 8
2004–05 30 4 1 0 12 1 - - 43 8
2005–06 33 4 4 0 12 1 - - 49 5
2006–07 34 2 4 0 14 1 - - 52 3
2007–08 33 3 1 0 9 2 2 0 45 5
2008–09 26 1 - - 3 1 - - 29 2
2009–10 30 0 1 0 8 1 - - 39 1
2010–11 17 1 3 0 5 0 - - 25 1
Juventus 2011-12
Total 270 32 15 0 93 8 4 1 377 44
Career Total 354 44 24 0 98 8 4 1 505 68
1European competitions include the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, and UEFA Super Cup
2Other tournaments include the Supercoppa Italiana, Intercontinental Cup and FIFA Club World Cup[16]
Italy national team
Year Apps Goals
2002 4 0
2003 1 0
2004 7 1
2005 9 3
2006 14 1
2007 8 1
2008 9 1
2009 12 1
2010 8 1
Total 72 9
[edit] International goals
As of 28 March 2009[17]
# Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
1. May 30, 2004 Radès, Tunisia Tunisia 4–0 Win Friendly
2. March 26, 2005 Milan, Italy Scotland 2–0 Win FIFA World Cup 2006 Qualification
3. March 26, 2005 Milan, Italy Scotland 2–0 Win FIFA World Cup 2006 Qualification
4. August 17, 2005 Dublin, Ireland Republic of Ireland 2–1 Win Friendly
5. June 12, 2006 Hanover, Germany Ghana 2–0 Win FIFA World Cup 2006
6. October 13, 2007 Genoa, Italy Georgia 2–0 Win UEFA Euro 2008 Qualification
7. June 17, 2008 Zurich, Switzerland France 2–0 Win UEFA Euro 2008
8. March 28, 2009 Podgorica, Montenegro Montenegro 2–0 Win FIFA World Cup 2010 Qualification
9. September, 2010 Florence, Italy Faroe Islands 5–0 Win UEFA Euro 2012 Qualification
[edit] Honours
[edit] Milan
* Serie A: 2004, 2011
* Coppa Italia: 2003
* Supercoppa Italiana: 2004
* UEFA Champions League: 2003, 2007
* UEFA Super Cup: 2003, 2007
* FIFA Club World Cup: 2007
[edit] International
* UEFA Under-21 European Championship: 2000
* 2004 Summer Olympics – Bronze medal
* FIFA World Cup: 2006
[edit] Individual
* UEFA European Under-21 Championship Golden Player: 1
o 2000
* UEFA European Under-21 Championship Top Scorer: 1
o 2000
* 2006 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament
* FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball Award: 2006
* 2006 FIFA World Cup Final Man of the Match
* FIFPro World XI: 2006
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Andrea Pirlo APirlo.jpg
Pirlo playing for Milan
Personal information
Full name Andrea Pirlo
Date of birth 19 May 1979 (1979-05-19) (age 32)
Place of birth Flero, Lombardy, Italy
Height 1.77 m (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
Playing position Midfielder
Club information
Current club Juventus
Number TBD
Youth career
1994–1995 Brescia
Senior career*
Years Team Apps† (Gls)†
1995–1998 Brescia 47 (6)
1998–2001 Internazionale 22 (0)
1999–2000 → Reggina (loan) 29 (6)
2001 → Brescia (loan) 10 (0)
2001–2011 Milan 284 (32)
2011– Juventus 0 (0)
National team‡
1998–2002 Italy U-21 37 (15)
2000–2004 Olympic Italy 9 (1)
2002– Italy 74 (9)
Honours[show]
Competitor for Italy
Summer Olympics
Bronze 2004 Athens
FIFA World Cup
Gold Germany 2006
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 14 May 2011.
† Appearances (Goals).
‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 7 June 2011
Andrea Pirlo, Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI[1][2] (born 19 May 1979 in Flero, Lombardy), is an Italian World Cup winning footballer who currently plays for Serie A club Juventus, and for the Italian national team. He is usually deployed as a deep-lying playmaker for both Milan and Italy and is regarded as one of best players in this position.[3] Praised for his inventive play and his long passing ability, he is also a set-piece specialist.[4]
Pirlo has played for the Italian youth teams U-15, U-18 and U-21, captaining and leading the latter to victory in the 2000 as the Golden Player and Top Scorer of the tournament. He joined the Italian senior side during the qualification round for World Cup 2002 and captained the national team to a bronze medal in the 2004 Olympics. Later, he was instrumental in their victory in the 2006 World Cup. He was named man of the match three times, including the final, more than any other player in the tournament, and ultimately won the Bronze Ball (third best player in tournament).
With Milan, he has won two UEFA Champions League (2003 and 2007), two European Super Cups (2003 and 2007), two Scudetto (2004 and 2011), an Italian Super Cup (2004), a FIFA Club World Cup (2007), and the Italian Cup in 2003.
He came in third and second in IFFHS World Playmaker of the Year awards in 2006 and 2007, respectively.[5][5] Fellow players on the Italian team gave him the nickname "l'architetto" (the architect) because his long passes frequently set up goal-scoring opportunities for the Azzurri (Italian national team).[6]
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Club career
o 1.1 Milan
o 1.2 Juventus
* 2 International career
* 3 Personal life
* 4 Career statistics
o 4.1 International goals
* 5 Honours
o 5.1 Milan
o 5.2 International
o 5.3 Individual
* 6 References
* 7 External links
[edit] Club career
Pirlo was born in Flero, Lombardy, Italy. His brother Ivan plays for a Serie C2 club in Brescia. Pirlo made his debut for Brescia against Reggina. After breaking into the Brescia first team, Pirlo was spotted by Internazionale coach, Mircea Lucescu who signed the playmaker. However, Pirlo was unable to break into the first squad and Internazionale finished 8th in the 1998–99 Serie A campaign. Pirlo was shipped off on loan to the club he made his debut against in 1995, Reggina. After an impressive season he returned to Internazionale but was once again unable to break into the first squad making just 4 league appearances and spent the second half of the season on loan at former club, Brescia.
[edit] Milan
Andrea Pirlo warming up with Milan against Fiorentina
After 3 seasons on the Internazionale books, Pirlo was sold to fierce rivals, Fatih Terim's Milan for 35 billion Italian lire[7] (about €18 million) but part of the fees paid via Dražen Brnčić joining Inter. That transfer windows the two clubs has also swapped Cristian Brocchi for Guly; Paolo Ginestra for Matteo Bogani. The deals later reported by press were also aimed to create "false profit" by inflating the transfer fees in the swap deal, which Ginestra and Bogani both created €3.5million "profit" for both clubs but in terms of registration rights, while Brnčić created a lurid €9.6 million gain.[8][9]
It was at Milan where he found his true strides developing into a world class player. With Milan, he won two Scudetto and two Champions League titles. He also won an Italian Cup and two UEFA Super Cups with Milan in 2003 and 2007. However, his most forgettable incident was the penalty miss during 2005 UEFA Champions League Final, as he found his spot kick was saved by Jerzy Dudek.
Pirlo started his career as an offensive midfielder until coach Carlo Ancelotti developed for him a deep-seated playmaking role at Milan. Since then, he has formed a formidable partnership with Gennaro Gattuso in the midfield and has earned the nickname "the metronome" for the way he sets the team's rhythm.[10] He led Serie A in the 2002–03 season in four special categories, passes played (2589), ball possession (123 hours played and 39 minutes), successful balls (661) and successful passes (2093). This implies that he averaged almost 90 passes per game. He led Milan in minutes played for the 2006–07 season with 2,782. In October 2007, he was nominated for the 2007 FIFA World Player of the Year Award but it went to Milan teammate Kaká instead. After Kaká and coach Carlo Ancelotti left Milan in the summer of 2009, Chelsea tested Milan's resolve by bidding $12m and Claudio Pizarro for Pirlo. The club rejected the offer and Pirlo was said to be contemplating a transfer request.[citation needed] On 5 August, Berlusconi decided not to sell Pirlo who said he was overjoyed and wanted to end his career at Milan.[11] On 21 October 2009, Pirlo scored a brilliant 30 meter goal in Milan's 3–2 win over Real Madrid.
On 2 October 2010, Pirlo scored a brilliant 40-yard goal against Parma to give Milan their first away win of the 2010–11 season. The shot was going 84 kilometres per hour.
On 18 May, 2011, Pirlo confirmed that he would be leaving Milan at the end of the 2010-11 season, after a mutual decision not to renew his contract.[12]
[edit] Juventus
Juventus have announced that they have signed midfielder Andrea Pirlo as a free agent on a contract that will last until 2014. “The contract signed is from July 1, 2011 until June 30, 2014.”[13]
[edit] International career
Andrea Pirlo playing for Italy against Belgium
Pirlo captained Italy to an Under-21 European Championship in 2000 and semi-finalists in 2002. Pirlo played for Italy at the 2000 Summer Olympics, won the bronze medal at the 2004 Olympics.
Pirlo was a member of the Italian Squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. In Italy's first match in the tournament, Pirlo scored the opening goal against Ghana, and subsequently set up a goal for Vincenzo Iaquinta to seal the 2–0 victory. He was named the Man of the Match. In the second match, he set up a diving header for Alberto Gilardino from a set piece which proved to be vital in their 1–1 draw against the United States. In their final group stage match Pirlo found Marco Materazzi's game winning header from a corner kick against the Czech Republic. In the semifinal against Germany, he assisted on the opening goal in the dying minutes and was again named Man of the Match. In the final against France, his corner kick produced Marco Materazzi's equalizing header ten minutes after France had opened the score. The match went to a penalty shoot-out, in which he scored. He was named Man of the Match for a third time, and was voted third-best player of the tournament.[citation needed]
Pirlo was not be able to play the first two games in the 2010 FIFA World Cup for Italy, due to recent injuries. He came off the bench for Italy late in the match on 24 June against Slovakia. Even with his help in orchestrating a renewed Italian offense, Pirlo could not prevent Italy from being knocked out of the first round.
[edit] Personal life
Andrea Pirlo and his wife Deborah Roversi married in 2001 and have two children: son Niccolò (born 2003) and daughter Angela (born 2006).[14]
Although often thought otherwise Pirlo is not of Sinti origin and clarified this in interviews with Sky Sport.
[edit] Career statistics
As of 14 May 2011[15]
Team Season Domestic
League Domestic
Cup European
Competition1 Other
Tournaments2 Total
Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Brescia 1994–95 1 0 - - - - - - 1 0
1995–96 - - - - - - - - 0 0
1996–97 17 2 1 0 - - - - 18 2
1997–98 29 4 1 0 - - - - 30 4
Total 47 6 2 0 – – – – 49 6
Internazionale 1998–99 18 0 5 0 7 0 - - 30 0
2000–01 4 0 1 0 3 0 - - 8 0
Total 22 0 6 0 10 0 – – 38 0
Reggina (loan) 1999–00 29 6 2 0 - - - - 31 6
Total 29 6 2 0 – – – – 31 6
Brescia (loan) 2001 10 0 - - - - - - 10 0
Total 10 0 – – – – – – 10 0
Milan 2001–02 18 2 2 0 9 0 - - 29 2
2002–03 27 9 2 0 13 0 - - 42 9
2003–04 32 6 - - 10 1 2 1 44 8
2004–05 30 4 1 0 12 1 - - 43 8
2005–06 33 4 4 0 12 1 - - 49 5
2006–07 34 2 4 0 14 1 - - 52 3
2007–08 33 3 1 0 9 2 2 0 45 5
2008–09 26 1 - - 3 1 - - 29 2
2009–10 30 0 1 0 8 1 - - 39 1
2010–11 17 1 3 0 5 0 - - 25 1
Juventus 2011-12
Total 270 32 15 0 93 8 4 1 377 44
Career Total 354 44 24 0 98 8 4 1 505 68
1European competitions include the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, and UEFA Super Cup
2Other tournaments include the Supercoppa Italiana, Intercontinental Cup and FIFA Club World Cup[16]
Italy national team
Year Apps Goals
2002 4 0
2003 1 0
2004 7 1
2005 9 3
2006 14 1
2007 8 1
2008 9 1
2009 12 1
2010 8 1
Total 72 9
[edit] International goals
As of 28 March 2009[17]
# Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
1. May 30, 2004 Radès, Tunisia Tunisia 4–0 Win Friendly
2. March 26, 2005 Milan, Italy Scotland 2–0 Win FIFA World Cup 2006 Qualification
3. March 26, 2005 Milan, Italy Scotland 2–0 Win FIFA World Cup 2006 Qualification
4. August 17, 2005 Dublin, Ireland Republic of Ireland 2–1 Win Friendly
5. June 12, 2006 Hanover, Germany Ghana 2–0 Win FIFA World Cup 2006
6. October 13, 2007 Genoa, Italy Georgia 2–0 Win UEFA Euro 2008 Qualification
7. June 17, 2008 Zurich, Switzerland France 2–0 Win UEFA Euro 2008
8. March 28, 2009 Podgorica, Montenegro Montenegro 2–0 Win FIFA World Cup 2010 Qualification
9. September, 2010 Florence, Italy Faroe Islands 5–0 Win UEFA Euro 2012 Qualification
[edit] Honours
[edit] Milan
* Serie A: 2004, 2011
* Coppa Italia: 2003
* Supercoppa Italiana: 2004
* UEFA Champions League: 2003, 2007
* UEFA Super Cup: 2003, 2007
* FIFA Club World Cup: 2007
[edit] International
* UEFA Under-21 European Championship: 2000
* 2004 Summer Olympics – Bronze medal
* FIFA World Cup: 2006
[edit] Individual
* UEFA European Under-21 Championship Golden Player: 1
o 2000
* UEFA European Under-21 Championship Top Scorer: 1
o 2000
* 2006 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament
* FIFA World Cup Bronze Ball Award: 2006
* 2006 FIFA World Cup Final Man of the Match
* FIFPro World XI: 2006
raja ofside ( FILIPPO INZAGHI )
ka untuk setiap minggunya. Anda dapat mengikutinya!
Filippo Inzaghi
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Filippo Inzaghi Filippo Inzaghi.jpg
Informasi Pribadi
Tanggal kelahiran 9 Agustus 1973 (umur 37)
Tempat kelahiran Piacenza, Italia
Tinggi 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in)
Posisi bermain Penyerang
Informasi klub
Klub saat ini Milan
Nomor 9
Karier junior
Piacenza
Karier senior*
Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)
1991–1995 Piacenza 39 (15)
1992–1993 → Leffe (loan) 21 (13)
1993–1994 → Verona (loan) 36 (13)
1995–1996 Parma 15 (2)
1996–1997 Atalanta 33 (24)
1997–2001 Juventus 122 (58)
2001– Milan 194 (72)
Tim nasional‡
1993–1996 Italia U-21 14 (3)
1997–2007 Italia 57 (25[1])
* Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik dan akurat per 24 Maret 2010.
‡ Penampilan dan gol di tim nasional akurat per 8 September 2007
Filippo "Pippo" Inzaghi Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI (lahir di Piacenza, 9 Agustus 1973; umur 37 tahun) adalah seorang pemain sepak bola Italia yang berposisi sebagai penyerang. Julukannya adalah Pippo atau Superpippo. Saat ini ia bermain bagi A.C. Milan yang telah dibelanya sejak tahun 2000. Ia adalah pencetak gol terbanyak sepanjang sejarah kompetisi Eropa (70 gol), sebelum rekornya disamai oleh Raúl González.[2]
Ia juga adalah pencetak gol terbanyak untuk Milan di kompetisi internasional dengan 43 gol, dan pemain yang paling sering mencetak Hattrick di pentas Seri A (10) dan di Liga Champions (3 - sama dengan Michael Owen)
Inzaghi juga satu-satunya penyerang yang bisa mencetak gol di semua kompetisi yang diikuti oleh klub dari eropa, setelah dua gol yang ia sarangkan ke gawang Boca Juniors pada final Piala Dunia Antarklub tahun 2007.
Adiknya, Simone Inzaghi, juga adalah seorang pemain sepak bola profesional.
Daftar isi
[sembunyikan]
* 1 Perjalanan Karier
o 1.1 Juventus
o 1.2 A.C. Milan
* 2 Karier Internasional
* 3 Gelar
o 3.1 Klub
o 3.2 Negara
o 3.3 Individual
+ 3.3.1 Penghargaan
* 4 Statistik Karier
o 4.1 Klub
o 4.2 Tim Nasional
o 4.3 Gol Internasional
* 5 Referensi
[sunting] Perjalanan Karier
Kariernya dimulai di klub kota kelahirannya Piacenza pada tahun 1991. Namun ia hanya bermain di dua pertandingan. Pada musim berikutnya ia dipinjamkan ke Leffe yang bermain di Seri C1, dimana ia mencetak 13 gol dari 21 penampilan. Pada tahun 1993 ia kembali dipinjamkan ke klub Verona, dan membukukan 13 gol dari 36 penampilan. Setelah tampil meyakinkan di Verona, musim berikutnya ia kembali ke Piacenza dan membantu klubnya promosi ke Seri A dengan 15 gol dari 37 penampilan.
Karena dianggap berprospek cerah, tahun 1995 ia dibeli oleh Parma. Namun pada musim ini, ia hanya mencetak 2 gol dari 15 pertandingan di Seri A dimana salah satu gol nya ia cetak ke gawang bekas klubnya, Piacenza, yang membuatnya menangis. Ia juga mencetak 2 gol di Piala Winners.
Musim berikutnya ia dipinjamkan ke Atalanta dan di sinilah kariernya bersinar, Inzaghi menjadi Capocannoniere (gelar top skorer di italia) Seri A dengan 24 gol dalam 33 penampilan. Ia pun berhasil mencetak gol ke semua gawang lawannya dan pada musim itu pula ia mendapat penghargaan Serie A Young Footballer of the Year. Berkat jasanya, pada pertandingan terakhir Atalanta di musim tersebut ia ditunjuk sebagai kapten.
[sunting] Juventus
Setelah musim yang hebat bersama Atalanta, dia kembali dan menyadari bahwa tidak ada tempat untuknya di Parma. Ia pun menuju klub keenamnya dalam tujuh tahun terakhir, Juventus yang membelinya seharga 23 milliar Lira.[3] Disini ia memiliki tandem hebat, Alessandro Del Piero yang membuat duet mereka dijuluki Del-Pippo dan Zinedine Zidane berada di belakang mereka. Di musim ini, ia mencetak 18 gol dari 31 pertandingan di liga dan menjadi penentu Scudetto Juventus lewat hattrick nya ke gawang Bologna. Sayangnya, di final Liga Champions mereka harus menyerah 0-1 dari Real Madrid. Selama di Juventus, Inzaghi menjadi pemain pertama yang mencetak 2 Hattrick di Liga Champions ke gawang Dinamo Kiev dan Hamburg SV.
[sunting] A.C. Milan
Setelah 4 musim bersama Juventus dengan torehan 89 gol dari 165 partai, inzaghi tersingkir oleh David Trézéguet. Lalu pelatih A.C. Milan, Fatih Terim menyelamatkan kariernya dengan membelinya dengan transfer sebesar 70 milliar Lira (45 juta Euro) plus Christian Zenoni pada bursa transfer musim 2001/2002.[4] (Sky Sports reported a smaller total figure, £17M[5] Pihak manajemen Juventus mengumumkan penjualan inzaghi memberikan profit €31 Juta bagi mereka.[6] Namun pada musim tersebut, inzaghi cedera dan absen hampir setengah musim. Hanya 10 gol yang ia cetak, dan Milan tersingkir di Piala UEFA.
Musim 2002-2003 adalah musim yang baik untuk Super Pippo, selain karena Milan menjuarai Liga Champions dan Piala Italia, ia juga menorehkan rekor dengan menjadi pemain pertama yang mencetak 3 kali hattrick di Liga Champions. Terasa lebih spesial lagi karena Inzaghi mengalahkan bekas klubnya, Juventus, di partai final. Ia dan tandemnya, Andriy Shevchenko adalah duet yang disegani. Inzaghi sendiri mencetak 30 gol di semua kompetisi musim tersebut.
Dua musim setelahnya, Inzaghi lebih banyak berkutat dengan cedera. Namun ketika pulih, ia tak butuh waktu lama untuk kembali mencetak gol. Di Seri A ia berhasil menjaringkan bola 12 kali dalam 23 pertandingan, dan 4 gol dalam lima partainya di Liga Champions.
Tahun berikutnya, Inzaghi ikut berperan mengantar Milan menjuarai Liga Champions dengan mengalahkan Liverpool dengan skor 2-1. ia mencetak 2 gol, dan setelah pertandingan ia berkata:
"Saya bermimpi mencetak dua gol pada final, dan dua gol yang saya cetak kemarin malam adalah hal yang paling penting dalam hidup saya. Ini adalah pertandingan yang tidak akan terlupakan. (pertandingan) Ini adalah sesuatu yang akan ada selama hidup saya dan dua gol di final ini berbicara dengan sendirinya."
kemenangan ini sekaligus membalas kekalahan Milan pada musim 2004-2005, dimana Liverpool menjadi juara melalui adu penalti setelah 90 menit skor sama kuat 3-3. Pada final di Stadion Olimpiade Atatürk di Istanbul itu Inzaghi tidak bermain karena cedera.
Karena menjuarai [Liga Champions, Milan berhak tampil di ajang Piala Super Eropa musim berikutnya, dan Inzaghi mencetak gol yang menyamakan kedudukan ketika menghadapi Sevilla, dan akhirnya unggul dengan skor akhir 3-1. Inzaghi pun menutup tahun 2007 dengan dua gol nya ke gawang Boca Juniors pada final Piala Dunia Antarklub, Milan menang 4-2 sekaligus membalas kekalahan pada tahun 2003. Setelah itu, ia yang tadinya kehilangan naluri mencetak golnya karena cedera mulai menemukan bentuk permainannya. Dalam 15 partai terakhir Seri A, ia mencetak 11 gol. Walaupun tampil baik, itu belum cukup meyakinkan pelatih Italia Roberto Donadoni untuk memanggilnya ke EURO 2008.
Pada 8 Maret 2009, Inzaghi kembali mencetak hattrick ketika menghadapi Torino, yang membuatnya menjadi pemain sepakbola yang paling sering mencetak hattrick di Seri A selama 25 tahun terakhir (10 kali). Ia berada diatas Giuseppe Signori (9), Hernán Crespo (8), Roberto Baggio, Marco van Basten, Gabriel Batistuta, Abel Balbo, Vincenzo Montella (7), and David Trézéguet (6). Inzaghi membukukan satu Hattrick untuk Atalanta, empat untuk Juventus, dan lima untuk Milan. Pada musim ini juga ia mencetak gol nya yang ke 300 di Seri A musim itu ke gawang Siena.
Musim 2010-2011, ketika membela milan menghadapi Palermo ia mengalami cedera serius dan mengharuskannya absen hingga akhir musim. Walaupun cedera tersebut dapat mengakhiri kariernya karena usianya pun sudah tidak muda lagi untuk ukuran pesepakbola, Pippo masih optimis dapat kembali merumput.
[sunting] Karier Internasional
Inzaghi pertama kali membela Italia pada tanggal 8 Juni 1997 menghadapi Brazil. Dia masuk dalam skuad Italia pada Piala Dunia 1998, EURO 2000, Piala Dunia 2002, dan Piala Dunia 2006. Inzaghi adalah top skorer Italia pada kualifikasi Piala Dunia 2002 dan EURO 2004, namun pada EURO 2004 ia mengalami cedera sehingga tidak dipanggil.
Walaupun cedera nya sering kambung pada tahun 2003 sampai dengan 2005, pada Piala Dunia 2006 pelatih Italia Marcello Lippi membawanya ke dalam skuad. Dengan berisikan striker hebat seperti Alessandro Del Piero, Francesco Totti and Luca Toni, Inzaghi hanya tampil sekali dalam Piala Dunia ini menggantikan Alberto Gilardino pada pertandingan menghadapi Republik Ceska, dan berhasil mencetak satu-satunya gol yang ia lesakkan di turnamen ini.
Inzaghi juga adalah pencetak gol terbanyak ke enam untuk Italia dengan 25 gol nya. Ia sejajar dengan Adolfo Baloncieri dan Alessandro Altobelli.
Inzaghi dikenal sebagai pemain yang sering Offside (sepak bola) serta sering dikritik karena sering melakukan diving untuk mendapatkan tendangan bebas atau penalti. Sir Alex Ferguson pernah berujar, "Orang itu pasti terlahir dalam posisi offside
Filippo Inzaghi
Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Langsung ke: navigasi, cari
Filippo Inzaghi Filippo Inzaghi.jpg
Informasi Pribadi
Tanggal kelahiran 9 Agustus 1973 (umur 37)
Tempat kelahiran Piacenza, Italia
Tinggi 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in)
Posisi bermain Penyerang
Informasi klub
Klub saat ini Milan
Nomor 9
Karier junior
Piacenza
Karier senior*
Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)
1991–1995 Piacenza 39 (15)
1992–1993 → Leffe (loan) 21 (13)
1993–1994 → Verona (loan) 36 (13)
1995–1996 Parma 15 (2)
1996–1997 Atalanta 33 (24)
1997–2001 Juventus 122 (58)
2001– Milan 194 (72)
Tim nasional‡
1993–1996 Italia U-21 14 (3)
1997–2007 Italia 57 (25[1])
* Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik dan akurat per 24 Maret 2010.
‡ Penampilan dan gol di tim nasional akurat per 8 September 2007
Filippo "Pippo" Inzaghi Cavaliere Ufficiale OMRI (lahir di Piacenza, 9 Agustus 1973; umur 37 tahun) adalah seorang pemain sepak bola Italia yang berposisi sebagai penyerang. Julukannya adalah Pippo atau Superpippo. Saat ini ia bermain bagi A.C. Milan yang telah dibelanya sejak tahun 2000. Ia adalah pencetak gol terbanyak sepanjang sejarah kompetisi Eropa (70 gol), sebelum rekornya disamai oleh Raúl González.[2]
Ia juga adalah pencetak gol terbanyak untuk Milan di kompetisi internasional dengan 43 gol, dan pemain yang paling sering mencetak Hattrick di pentas Seri A (10) dan di Liga Champions (3 - sama dengan Michael Owen)
Inzaghi juga satu-satunya penyerang yang bisa mencetak gol di semua kompetisi yang diikuti oleh klub dari eropa, setelah dua gol yang ia sarangkan ke gawang Boca Juniors pada final Piala Dunia Antarklub tahun 2007.
Adiknya, Simone Inzaghi, juga adalah seorang pemain sepak bola profesional.
Daftar isi
[sembunyikan]
* 1 Perjalanan Karier
o 1.1 Juventus
o 1.2 A.C. Milan
* 2 Karier Internasional
* 3 Gelar
o 3.1 Klub
o 3.2 Negara
o 3.3 Individual
+ 3.3.1 Penghargaan
* 4 Statistik Karier
o 4.1 Klub
o 4.2 Tim Nasional
o 4.3 Gol Internasional
* 5 Referensi
[sunting] Perjalanan Karier
Kariernya dimulai di klub kota kelahirannya Piacenza pada tahun 1991. Namun ia hanya bermain di dua pertandingan. Pada musim berikutnya ia dipinjamkan ke Leffe yang bermain di Seri C1, dimana ia mencetak 13 gol dari 21 penampilan. Pada tahun 1993 ia kembali dipinjamkan ke klub Verona, dan membukukan 13 gol dari 36 penampilan. Setelah tampil meyakinkan di Verona, musim berikutnya ia kembali ke Piacenza dan membantu klubnya promosi ke Seri A dengan 15 gol dari 37 penampilan.
Karena dianggap berprospek cerah, tahun 1995 ia dibeli oleh Parma. Namun pada musim ini, ia hanya mencetak 2 gol dari 15 pertandingan di Seri A dimana salah satu gol nya ia cetak ke gawang bekas klubnya, Piacenza, yang membuatnya menangis. Ia juga mencetak 2 gol di Piala Winners.
Musim berikutnya ia dipinjamkan ke Atalanta dan di sinilah kariernya bersinar, Inzaghi menjadi Capocannoniere (gelar top skorer di italia) Seri A dengan 24 gol dalam 33 penampilan. Ia pun berhasil mencetak gol ke semua gawang lawannya dan pada musim itu pula ia mendapat penghargaan Serie A Young Footballer of the Year. Berkat jasanya, pada pertandingan terakhir Atalanta di musim tersebut ia ditunjuk sebagai kapten.
[sunting] Juventus
Setelah musim yang hebat bersama Atalanta, dia kembali dan menyadari bahwa tidak ada tempat untuknya di Parma. Ia pun menuju klub keenamnya dalam tujuh tahun terakhir, Juventus yang membelinya seharga 23 milliar Lira.[3] Disini ia memiliki tandem hebat, Alessandro Del Piero yang membuat duet mereka dijuluki Del-Pippo dan Zinedine Zidane berada di belakang mereka. Di musim ini, ia mencetak 18 gol dari 31 pertandingan di liga dan menjadi penentu Scudetto Juventus lewat hattrick nya ke gawang Bologna. Sayangnya, di final Liga Champions mereka harus menyerah 0-1 dari Real Madrid. Selama di Juventus, Inzaghi menjadi pemain pertama yang mencetak 2 Hattrick di Liga Champions ke gawang Dinamo Kiev dan Hamburg SV.
[sunting] A.C. Milan
Setelah 4 musim bersama Juventus dengan torehan 89 gol dari 165 partai, inzaghi tersingkir oleh David Trézéguet. Lalu pelatih A.C. Milan, Fatih Terim menyelamatkan kariernya dengan membelinya dengan transfer sebesar 70 milliar Lira (45 juta Euro) plus Christian Zenoni pada bursa transfer musim 2001/2002.[4] (Sky Sports reported a smaller total figure, £17M[5] Pihak manajemen Juventus mengumumkan penjualan inzaghi memberikan profit €31 Juta bagi mereka.[6] Namun pada musim tersebut, inzaghi cedera dan absen hampir setengah musim. Hanya 10 gol yang ia cetak, dan Milan tersingkir di Piala UEFA.
Musim 2002-2003 adalah musim yang baik untuk Super Pippo, selain karena Milan menjuarai Liga Champions dan Piala Italia, ia juga menorehkan rekor dengan menjadi pemain pertama yang mencetak 3 kali hattrick di Liga Champions. Terasa lebih spesial lagi karena Inzaghi mengalahkan bekas klubnya, Juventus, di partai final. Ia dan tandemnya, Andriy Shevchenko adalah duet yang disegani. Inzaghi sendiri mencetak 30 gol di semua kompetisi musim tersebut.
Dua musim setelahnya, Inzaghi lebih banyak berkutat dengan cedera. Namun ketika pulih, ia tak butuh waktu lama untuk kembali mencetak gol. Di Seri A ia berhasil menjaringkan bola 12 kali dalam 23 pertandingan, dan 4 gol dalam lima partainya di Liga Champions.
Tahun berikutnya, Inzaghi ikut berperan mengantar Milan menjuarai Liga Champions dengan mengalahkan Liverpool dengan skor 2-1. ia mencetak 2 gol, dan setelah pertandingan ia berkata:
"Saya bermimpi mencetak dua gol pada final, dan dua gol yang saya cetak kemarin malam adalah hal yang paling penting dalam hidup saya. Ini adalah pertandingan yang tidak akan terlupakan. (pertandingan) Ini adalah sesuatu yang akan ada selama hidup saya dan dua gol di final ini berbicara dengan sendirinya."
kemenangan ini sekaligus membalas kekalahan Milan pada musim 2004-2005, dimana Liverpool menjadi juara melalui adu penalti setelah 90 menit skor sama kuat 3-3. Pada final di Stadion Olimpiade Atatürk di Istanbul itu Inzaghi tidak bermain karena cedera.
Karena menjuarai [Liga Champions, Milan berhak tampil di ajang Piala Super Eropa musim berikutnya, dan Inzaghi mencetak gol yang menyamakan kedudukan ketika menghadapi Sevilla, dan akhirnya unggul dengan skor akhir 3-1. Inzaghi pun menutup tahun 2007 dengan dua gol nya ke gawang Boca Juniors pada final Piala Dunia Antarklub, Milan menang 4-2 sekaligus membalas kekalahan pada tahun 2003. Setelah itu, ia yang tadinya kehilangan naluri mencetak golnya karena cedera mulai menemukan bentuk permainannya. Dalam 15 partai terakhir Seri A, ia mencetak 11 gol. Walaupun tampil baik, itu belum cukup meyakinkan pelatih Italia Roberto Donadoni untuk memanggilnya ke EURO 2008.
Pada 8 Maret 2009, Inzaghi kembali mencetak hattrick ketika menghadapi Torino, yang membuatnya menjadi pemain sepakbola yang paling sering mencetak hattrick di Seri A selama 25 tahun terakhir (10 kali). Ia berada diatas Giuseppe Signori (9), Hernán Crespo (8), Roberto Baggio, Marco van Basten, Gabriel Batistuta, Abel Balbo, Vincenzo Montella (7), and David Trézéguet (6). Inzaghi membukukan satu Hattrick untuk Atalanta, empat untuk Juventus, dan lima untuk Milan. Pada musim ini juga ia mencetak gol nya yang ke 300 di Seri A musim itu ke gawang Siena.
Musim 2010-2011, ketika membela milan menghadapi Palermo ia mengalami cedera serius dan mengharuskannya absen hingga akhir musim. Walaupun cedera tersebut dapat mengakhiri kariernya karena usianya pun sudah tidak muda lagi untuk ukuran pesepakbola, Pippo masih optimis dapat kembali merumput.
[sunting] Karier Internasional
Inzaghi pertama kali membela Italia pada tanggal 8 Juni 1997 menghadapi Brazil. Dia masuk dalam skuad Italia pada Piala Dunia 1998, EURO 2000, Piala Dunia 2002, dan Piala Dunia 2006. Inzaghi adalah top skorer Italia pada kualifikasi Piala Dunia 2002 dan EURO 2004, namun pada EURO 2004 ia mengalami cedera sehingga tidak dipanggil.
Walaupun cedera nya sering kambung pada tahun 2003 sampai dengan 2005, pada Piala Dunia 2006 pelatih Italia Marcello Lippi membawanya ke dalam skuad. Dengan berisikan striker hebat seperti Alessandro Del Piero, Francesco Totti and Luca Toni, Inzaghi hanya tampil sekali dalam Piala Dunia ini menggantikan Alberto Gilardino pada pertandingan menghadapi Republik Ceska, dan berhasil mencetak satu-satunya gol yang ia lesakkan di turnamen ini.
Inzaghi juga adalah pencetak gol terbanyak ke enam untuk Italia dengan 25 gol nya. Ia sejajar dengan Adolfo Baloncieri dan Alessandro Altobelli.
Inzaghi dikenal sebagai pemain yang sering Offside (sepak bola) serta sering dikritik karena sering melakukan diving untuk mendapatkan tendangan bebas atau penalti. Sir Alex Ferguson pernah berujar, "Orang itu pasti terlahir dalam posisi offside
pemain bola WAYNE ROONEY
Wayne Rooney
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Wayne Rooney Rooney CL.jpg
Personal information
Full name Wayne Mark Rooney
Date of birth 24 October 1985 (1985-10-24) (age 25)
Place of birth Croxteth, Liverpool, England
Height 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) [1]
Playing position Forward
Club information
Current club Manchester United
Number 10
Youth career
1996–2002 Everton
Senior career*
Years Team Apps† (Gls)†
2002–2004 Everton 67 (15)
2004– Manchester United 217 (102)
National team‡
2002 England U19 1 (0)
2003– England 70 (26)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 23 May 2011.
† Appearances (Goals).
‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 26 March 2011 [2]
Wayne Mark Rooney (born 24 October 1985) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Manchester United and the England national team. Rooney made his senior international debut in 2003. He played at UEFA Euro 2004 and scored four goals. He also briefly became the competition's youngest goalscorer. He is frequently selected for the England squad and also featured at the 2006 and 2010 World Cups. Rooney has won the England Player of the Year award twice, in 2008 and 2009. As of March 2011, he has won 70 international caps and scored 26 goals.[2]
Aged nine, Rooney joined the youth team of Everton, for whom he made his professional debut in 2002. He spent two seasons at the Merseyside club, before moving to Manchester United for £25.6 million in the 2004 summer transfer window. Since then, United have won the Premier League four times, the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League and two League Cups with Rooney in the team. He has also been awarded the PFA Players' Player of the Year and the FWA Footballer of the Year in 2009–10.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Early life
* 2 Club career
o 2.1 Everton
+ 2.1.1 Youth squads
+ 2.1.2 First team breakthrough
o 2.2 Manchester United
+ 2.2.1 2004–05 season
+ 2.2.2 2005–07
+ 2.2.3 2007–09
+ 2.2.4 2009–10 season
+ 2.2.5 2010–11 season
* 3 International career
o 3.1 International goals
* 4 Career statistics
o 4.1 Club
o 4.2 International
* 5 Honours
o 5.1 Club
o 5.2 Individual
* 6 Personal life
o 6.1 Family
o 6.2 Commercial interests
o 6.3 Paul Stretford controversy
o 6.4 David Moyes
o 6.5 Allegations of infidelity
* 7 Notes
* 8 References
* 9 External links
Early life
Rooney was born in Croxteth, Liverpool to Thomas Wayne and Jeanette Marie Rooney (née Morrey).[3] He is of Irish descent[4][5] and was brought up Catholic in Croxteth[6][7] with younger brothers Graeme and John;[8][9][10] all three attended De La Salle School.[11] He grew up supporting his local club Everton; his childhood hero was Duncan Ferguson.[12]
Club career
Everton
Youth squads
Rooney began playing for Liverpool Schoolboys and until May 2010 he held the record of 72 goals scored in one season.[13] At age nine, Rooney played for Copplehouse boys' club in the local Walton and Kirkdale junior league and scored 99 goals in his final season before being spotted by Everton scout Bob Pendleton.[14] Rooney joined Everton at age nine,[15] and was the Everton mascot for the Merseyside derby against Liverpool as an 11-year-old.[16] In the 1995-96 season he scored 114 goals in 29 games for Everton's under-10s and 11s,[17] and by 15 years old he was playing for the under-19s.[18] He scored eight goals in eight games during Everton's run to the FA Youth Cup final in 2002.[19] This included one goal in the final defeat against Aston Villa and upon scoring he revealed a T-shirt that read, "Once a Blue, always a Blue."[15] Rooney was included in the first team squad for their training camp in Austria in the summer of 2002 and scored his first senior goal in a 3-1 friendly victory over SC Weiz on 15 July.[18]
First team breakthrough
"Rooney is the biggest England talent I've seen since I arrived in England. There has certainly not been a player under 20 as good as him since I became a manager here."
– Arsène Wenger on Rooney following his last-minute goal against Arsenal in October 2002.[20]
Rooney was an unused substitute in Everton's 1-0 away win over Southampton in April 2002.[21] His senior debut came the following season on 17 August in a 2-2 home draw against Tottenham,[22] at this time he became the second youngest first-team player in Everton history behind Joe Royle.[23] His first senior goals came on 2 October as he scored twice in a 3-0 away win over Wrexham in the League Cup.[24] These goals meant that Rooney was Everton's youngest-ever goalscorer at the time.[25] On 19 October, five days before his 17th birthday, Rooney scored a last-minute winning goal against Arsenal.[26] This goal ended Arsenal's 30-match unbeaten run,[27] and also made Rooney the youngest goalscorer in Premier League history, a record that has since been surpassed twice by both James Milner and James Vaughan.[28] He scored the only goal in a 1-0 away win over Leeds United fifteen days later.[29]
In December, Rooney was named 2002's BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year.[30] Six days on from claiming this award he scored the winning goal against Blackburn Rovers in a 2-1 home win.[31] His first career red-card came on boxing day in a 1-1 away draw against Birmingham City for a late challenge on Steve Vickers.[32] In January 2003, Rooney signed his first professional contract which made him one of world football's highest-paid teenagers.[33] Rooney's first goal in 2003 came on 23 March, netting Everton's only goal in a 2-1 loss at Arsenal.[34] In April, he scored a goal in Everton's 2-1 home win over Newcastle United,[35] before hitting a last-minute winner against Aston Villa in another 2-1 home win.[36] He ended his debut season with 8 goals in 37 appearances in all competitions for the Toffees.[37]
Rooney scored his first goal of the 2002-03 season in a 2-2 away draw against Charlton on 26 August 2003.[38] He didn't find the net again until December when he scored in a 2-1 away win over Portsmouth,[39] and a 3-2 home win over Leicester City.[40] His final goal of 2003 came on his 50th league appearance, netting the only goal in a 1-0 home win over Birmingham on 28 December.[41] On 21 February 2004, Rooney netted his first Premier League brace in a 3-3 away draw against Southampton.[42] He scored the only goal in a 1-0 win over Portsmouth on 13 March,[43] before scoring in a 1-1 away draw against Leicester City one week later.[44] Rooney scored his final goal of the season in a 1-1 away draw against Leeds United on 13 April.[45]
Manchester United
2004–05 season
Rooney's agent snubbed a three-year, £12,000-a-week contract offer from Everton in August 2004, leaving Manchester United and Newcastle United to compete for his signature. Everton rejected a bid of £20 million from Newcastle,[46] and Manchester United ultimately won the bidding war with Rooney signing for them at the end of the month after a £25.6 million deal with Everton was reached.[47] It was the highest fee ever paid for a player under 20 years old; Rooney was still only 18 when he left Everton.[48]
Rooney was given the number 8 shirt upon his arrival at Old Trafford.[49] He made his United debut on 28 September in a 6–2 home win over Fenerbahçe in the Champions League, scoring a hat-trick and laying on an assist.[50] These goals made Rooney the youngest player to score a hat-trick in the Champions League aged 18 years 335 days.[51] However, his first season with Manchester United ended without winning a trophy as they could only manage a third place finish in the league,[52] and failed to progress to the last eight of the Champions League.[53] United had more success in the cup competitions, but were edged out of the League Cup in the semi finals by a Chelsea side[54] who also won the Premier League title that season,[55] and a goalless draw with Arsenal in the FA Cup final was followed by a penalty shoot-out defeat.[56] However, Rooney was United's top league scorer that season with 11 goals, and was credited with the PFA Young Player of the Year award.[57]
2005–07
Rooney during United's 3–1 win over Manchester City in the derby, in which he scored the game's first goal
In September 2005, Rooney was sent off in a Champions League clash with Villarreal of Spain (which ended in a goalless draw) for sarcastically clapping the referee who had booked him for an unintentional foul on an opponent.[58] His first trophy with United came in the 2006 League Cup,[59] and he was also named man of the match after scoring twice in United's 4–0 win over Wigan Athletic in the final.[60] In the Premier League, however, an erratic start to the season left title glory looking unlikely for United and their title hopes were ended in late April when they lost 3–0 at home to champions Chelsea and had to settle for second place.[61] Rooney sustained a broken metatarsal in that game after a tackle made by Paulo Ferreira.[62] Rooney's goalscoring further improved in the 2005–06 season, as he managed 16 goals in 36 Premier League games.[63]
Rooney was sent off in an Amsterdam Tournament match against Porto on 4 August 2006 after hitting Porto defender Pepe with an elbow.[64] He was punished with a three-match ban by the FA, following their receipt of a 23-page report from referee Ruud Bossen that explained his decision.[65] Rooney wrote a letter of protest to the FA, citing the lack of punishment handed down to other players who were sent off in friendlies. He also threatened to withdraw the FA's permission to use his image rights if they did not revoke the ban, but the FA had no power to make such a decision.[66]
During the first half of the 2006–07 season, Rooney ended a ten-game scoreless streak with a hat-trick against Bolton Wanderers,[67] and he signed a two-year contract extension the next month that tied him to United until 2012. By the end of April, a combination of two goals in an 8–3 aggregate quarter-final win over Roma and two more in a 3–2 semi-final first leg victory over Milan.[68] By the end of that season, he had scored 14 league goals.[69] Rooney collected his first Premier League title winner's medal at the end of the 2006–07 season.[70]
2007–09
Wayne Rooney
In June 2007, Rooney was handed number 10, last worn by Ruud van Nistelrooy.[71][72] He fractured his left metatarsal in United's opening-day goalless draw against Reading on 12 August,[73] the same injury he had suffered to his right foot in 2004.[74] After being sidelined for six weeks, he returned for United's 1–0 Champions League group stage win over Roma on 2 October, scoring the match's only goal.[75] However, barely a month into his return, Rooney injured his ankle during a training session on 9 November, and missed an additional two weeks.[76] His first match back was against Fulham on 3 December, in which he played 70 minutes.[77] Rooney missed a total of ten games and finished the 2007–08 season with 18 goals (12 of them in the league),[63] as United clinched both the Premier League[78] and the Champions League, in which they defeated league rivals Chelsea[79] in the competition's first-ever all-English final.[80]
On 4 October 2008 in an away win over Blackburn Rovers, Rooney became the youngest player in league history to make 200 appearances.[81] On 14 January after scoring the only goal of the game 54 seconds into the 1–0 win over Wigan Athletic, Rooney limped off with a hamstring ailment in the eighth minute. His replacement, Carlos Tévez, was injured himself shortly after entering the game, but stayed on.[82] Rooney was out for three weeks, missing one match apiece in the League Cup and FA Cup, along with four Premier League matches.[83] On 25 April 2009, Rooney scored his final league goals of the season against Tottenham. United scored five goals in the second half to come from 2–0 down to win 5–2. Rooney grabbed two goals, set up two and provided the assist that led to the penalty for United's first goal.[84] Rooney ended the season with 20 goals in all competitions. Once again, he managed 12 goals in the league.[63]
2009–10 season
Rooney's start to the new campaign got off to great scoring ways, grabbing a goal in the 90th minute of the 2009 Community Shield, though United lost the game to Chelsea on penalties.[85] He then scored the only goal of the opening game of the 2009–10 season against Birmingham City, taking his overall United tally to 99.[86] He failed to score in the next game, a historic 1–0 defeat to the hands of newly promoted Burnley at Turf Moor. On 22 August, he became the 20th Manchester United player to have scored at least 100 goals for the club, when he found the net twice in a 5–0 away win at Wigan Athletic.[87]
Rooney in a November 2009 match against Everton
On 29 August, United played Arsenal at Old Trafford. Rooney scored the equaliser from the penalty spot after Andrei Arshavin had put the Gunners ahead. The game finished 2–1 to Manchester United after Abou Diaby scored an own goal.[88] Five days later Rooney commented on his penalty against Arsenal: "Everyone who watches me play knows I am an honest player, I play the game as honestly as I can. If the referee gives a penalty there is nothing you can do."[89] On 28 November 2009, Rooney scored his first hat-trick for three years in a 4–1 away victory against Portsmouth, with two of them being penalties.[90] On 27 December 2009, he was awarded Man of the Match against Hull City. He was involved in all the goals scored in the game, hitting the opener and then giving away the ball for Hull's equalizing penalty. He then forced Andy Dawson into conceding an own goal and then set up Dimitar Berbatov for United's third goal which gave them a 3–1 victory.[91] On 30 December 2009, three days on from their victory over Hull, he grabbed another goal in United's 5–0 thrashing of Wigan in their final game of the decade.[92] On 23 January 2010, Rooney scored all four goals in Manchester United's 4–0 win over Hull City; three of the goals came in the last 10 minutes of the match. This was the first time in his career that he bagged four in one match.[93] On 27 January 2010, he continued his scoring run by heading the winner in the second minute of stoppage time against derby rivals Manchester City. This gave United a 4–3 aggregate win, taking them into the final, it was his first League Cup goal since netting two in the 2006 final.[94] On 31 January 2010, Rooney scored his 100th Premier League goal in a 3–1 win over Arsenal for the first time in the league at the Emirates, notably his first Premier League goal also came against Arsenal.[95] On 16 February 2010, Rooney hit his first European goals of the season, scoring two headers in the 3–2 away win against Milan in Manchester United's first ever win against them at the San Siro.[96] On 28 February 2010, he scored another header against Aston Villa (his fifth consecutive headed goal in a row) which resulted in Manchester United winning the League Cup final 2–1.[97] In the second leg of United's European tie against Milan, Rooney scored a brace in a resounding 4–0 home victory, taking his tally of goals this season to 30.[98] He then added two more to his tally five days later at Old Trafford, in a 3–0 league win over Fulham.[99]
On 30 March 2010, during United's Champions League quarter-final first leg defeat against Bayern Munich at Munich's Allianz Arena, Rooney crumpled when he twisted his ankle in the last minute, hobbling off while Bayern were producing the build up that led to their second goal.[100] There were fears that he had received serious ligament damage or even a broken ankle, but it was announced that the injury was only slight ligament damage, and that he would be out for 2 to 3 weeks,[101] missing United's crunch match with Chelsea and the return leg against Munich the following week.[101] The team list for second leg yielded a massive surprise when Rooney was given a starting place in the United lineup.[102] Despite a 3–0 lead by the 41st minute, Munich snatched a goal back and United were later forced down to 10 men after Rafael da Silva was sent-off. Munich won the match after netting a second away-goal[102] and Rooney was substituted after re-damaging his ankle. On 25 April, Rooney was named the 2010 PFA Players' Player of the Year.[103]
2010–11 season
On 28 August 2010, Rooney scored his first goal of the season as he netted a penalty in a 3–0 home win over West Ham United.[104] In October, Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson stated at a press conference that Rooney wanted to quit the club.[105] This came after a period of dispute as to the extent of Rooney's ankle injury, where Rooney had refuted Ferguson's claim that the injury was the reason Rooney had been dropped to the bench.[106] Rooney and his representatives released a statement regarding his decision to leave the club, insisting it is not down to money but ambition.[107] Following this statement, Rooney made a dramatic U-turn and agreed a new five-year contract at Manchester United until June 2015.[108]
Rooney made his return to the first team as a substitute against Wigan on 20 November.[109] Four days later he returned to the starting line-up and scored a penalty in a 1–0 away win over Rangers in the Champions League.[110] He missed a penalty in a 1–0 home win over Arsenal on 13 December.[111] His first goal of the season from open play came on 1 January 2011 in a 2–1 away win over West Bromwich Albion.[112] On 1 February, Rooney scored twice and assisted Nemanja Vidic's goal in a 3–1 home win over Aston Villa.[113] On 12 February, Rooney scored an overhead volley in the 78th minute of the Manchester derby, proving to be the winning goal in their 2–1 win over Manchester City.[114] After the match, Rooney said it was the best goal of his career,[115] before Sir Alex Ferguson described the strike as the best goal he has ever witnessed at Old Trafford.[116] Two weeks later he scored the third goal in a 4–0 away win over Wigan,[117] before opening the scoring in a 2–1 away loss to Chelsea on 1 March.[118] Rooney opened the scoring in a 2–0 home win over Arsenal in an FA Cup tie on 12 March.[119]
On 2 April, United came from two goals down as Rooney scored his first hat-trick of the season in a 4–2 away win over West Ham United.[120] This was his fifth hat-trick for Manchester United, whilst the second goal was his 100th in the Premier League for the club.[121] He is the third Manchester United player to score 100 Premier League goals, joining Ryan Giggs and Paul Scholes.[122] During Rooney's celebrations following his third goal, he swore into a pitchside camera and was subsequently charged by the Football Association for using offensive language.[123] Rooney accepted the charge, but not the automatic two-match ban which was handed to him.[124] He appealed against the length of the suspension, calling it "excessive", but failed to overturn the two-match ban which ruled him out of the FA Cup semi-final against Manchester City on 16 April.[125] The following game on 6 April saw Rooney scored the only goal in a 1–0 away win against Chelsea in the Champions League quarter-final first leg.[126] He followed this goal up with another strike in the semi-final first leg against German side Schalke on 26 April, scoring the second of a 2–0 away win.[127] This was the first time Rooney had returned to the Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen since his sending off during the 2006 FIFA World Cup against Portugal.[128]
On 14 May 2011, Rooney successfully converted a penalty for United to equalise and give them a 1–1 draw against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park in the penultimate game of the Premier League season - enough to secure a record 19th top division title for United, and giving Rooney his fourth Premier League title winner's medal.[129]
International career
Rooney playing for England in 2006
Rooney became the youngest player to play for England when he earned his first cap in a friendly against Australia on 12 February 2003 at seventeen,[130] the same age at which he also became the youngest player to score an England goal.[131] Arsenal youngster Theo Walcott broke Rooney's appearance record by 36 days in May 2006.[132]
His first tournament action was at Euro 2004, in which he became the youngest scorer in competition history on 17 June 2004, when he scored twice against Switzerland;[133] however, this record was topped by Swiss midfielder Johan Vonlanthen four days later.[134] Rooney suffered an injury in the quarter-final match against Portugal and England were eliminated on penalties.[135]
Following a foot injury in an April 2006 Premier League match, Rooney faced a race to fitness for the 2006 World Cup.[136] England attempted to hasten his recovery with the use of an oxygen tent,[137] which allowed Rooney to enter a group match against Trinidad and Tobago[138] and start the next match against Sweden.[139] However, he never got back into game shape and went scoreless as England bowed out in the quarter-finals, again on penalty kicks.[140]
Rooney training with England in September 2009
Rooney was red-carded in the 62nd minute of the quarter-final for stamping on Portugal defender Ricardo Carvalho as both attempted to gain possession of the ball, an incident that occurred right in front of referee Horacio Elizondo.[141] Rooney's Manchester United teammate Cristiano Ronaldo openly protested his actions, and was in turn shoved by Rooney.[141] Elizondo sent Rooney off, after which Ronaldo was seen winking at the Portugal bench.[141] Rooney denied intentionally targeting Carvalho in a statement on 3 July, adding, "I bear no ill feeling to Cristiano but I'm disappointed that he chose to get involved. I suppose I do, though, have to remember that on that particular occasion we were not teammates."[142] Elizondo confirmed the next day that Rooney was dismissed solely for the infraction on Carvalho.[143] Rooney was fined CHF5,000 for the incident.[144]
During the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, after England drew with Algeria, the England players were booed off the pitch by supporters. Rooney made a comment as he left the pitch to television cameras saying, "Nice to see your home fans boo you, that's loyal supporters".[145] He later apologised for the comment[146] made during a lacklustre tournament for England who were eliminated in the second round.
International goals
Updated to games played 7 September 2010.[147][148]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Page semi-protected
Wayne Rooney Rooney CL.jpg
Personal information
Full name Wayne Mark Rooney
Date of birth 24 October 1985 (1985-10-24) (age 25)
Place of birth Croxteth, Liverpool, England
Height 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) [1]
Playing position Forward
Club information
Current club Manchester United
Number 10
Youth career
1996–2002 Everton
Senior career*
Years Team Apps† (Gls)†
2002–2004 Everton 67 (15)
2004– Manchester United 217 (102)
National team‡
2002 England U19 1 (0)
2003– England 70 (26)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 23 May 2011.
† Appearances (Goals).
‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 26 March 2011 [2]
Wayne Mark Rooney (born 24 October 1985) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for Premier League club Manchester United and the England national team. Rooney made his senior international debut in 2003. He played at UEFA Euro 2004 and scored four goals. He also briefly became the competition's youngest goalscorer. He is frequently selected for the England squad and also featured at the 2006 and 2010 World Cups. Rooney has won the England Player of the Year award twice, in 2008 and 2009. As of March 2011, he has won 70 international caps and scored 26 goals.[2]
Aged nine, Rooney joined the youth team of Everton, for whom he made his professional debut in 2002. He spent two seasons at the Merseyside club, before moving to Manchester United for £25.6 million in the 2004 summer transfer window. Since then, United have won the Premier League four times, the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League and two League Cups with Rooney in the team. He has also been awarded the PFA Players' Player of the Year and the FWA Footballer of the Year in 2009–10.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Early life
* 2 Club career
o 2.1 Everton
+ 2.1.1 Youth squads
+ 2.1.2 First team breakthrough
o 2.2 Manchester United
+ 2.2.1 2004–05 season
+ 2.2.2 2005–07
+ 2.2.3 2007–09
+ 2.2.4 2009–10 season
+ 2.2.5 2010–11 season
* 3 International career
o 3.1 International goals
* 4 Career statistics
o 4.1 Club
o 4.2 International
* 5 Honours
o 5.1 Club
o 5.2 Individual
* 6 Personal life
o 6.1 Family
o 6.2 Commercial interests
o 6.3 Paul Stretford controversy
o 6.4 David Moyes
o 6.5 Allegations of infidelity
* 7 Notes
* 8 References
* 9 External links
Early life
Rooney was born in Croxteth, Liverpool to Thomas Wayne and Jeanette Marie Rooney (née Morrey).[3] He is of Irish descent[4][5] and was brought up Catholic in Croxteth[6][7] with younger brothers Graeme and John;[8][9][10] all three attended De La Salle School.[11] He grew up supporting his local club Everton; his childhood hero was Duncan Ferguson.[12]
Club career
Everton
Youth squads
Rooney began playing for Liverpool Schoolboys and until May 2010 he held the record of 72 goals scored in one season.[13] At age nine, Rooney played for Copplehouse boys' club in the local Walton and Kirkdale junior league and scored 99 goals in his final season before being spotted by Everton scout Bob Pendleton.[14] Rooney joined Everton at age nine,[15] and was the Everton mascot for the Merseyside derby against Liverpool as an 11-year-old.[16] In the 1995-96 season he scored 114 goals in 29 games for Everton's under-10s and 11s,[17] and by 15 years old he was playing for the under-19s.[18] He scored eight goals in eight games during Everton's run to the FA Youth Cup final in 2002.[19] This included one goal in the final defeat against Aston Villa and upon scoring he revealed a T-shirt that read, "Once a Blue, always a Blue."[15] Rooney was included in the first team squad for their training camp in Austria in the summer of 2002 and scored his first senior goal in a 3-1 friendly victory over SC Weiz on 15 July.[18]
First team breakthrough
"Rooney is the biggest England talent I've seen since I arrived in England. There has certainly not been a player under 20 as good as him since I became a manager here."
– Arsène Wenger on Rooney following his last-minute goal against Arsenal in October 2002.[20]
Rooney was an unused substitute in Everton's 1-0 away win over Southampton in April 2002.[21] His senior debut came the following season on 17 August in a 2-2 home draw against Tottenham,[22] at this time he became the second youngest first-team player in Everton history behind Joe Royle.[23] His first senior goals came on 2 October as he scored twice in a 3-0 away win over Wrexham in the League Cup.[24] These goals meant that Rooney was Everton's youngest-ever goalscorer at the time.[25] On 19 October, five days before his 17th birthday, Rooney scored a last-minute winning goal against Arsenal.[26] This goal ended Arsenal's 30-match unbeaten run,[27] and also made Rooney the youngest goalscorer in Premier League history, a record that has since been surpassed twice by both James Milner and James Vaughan.[28] He scored the only goal in a 1-0 away win over Leeds United fifteen days later.[29]
In December, Rooney was named 2002's BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year.[30] Six days on from claiming this award he scored the winning goal against Blackburn Rovers in a 2-1 home win.[31] His first career red-card came on boxing day in a 1-1 away draw against Birmingham City for a late challenge on Steve Vickers.[32] In January 2003, Rooney signed his first professional contract which made him one of world football's highest-paid teenagers.[33] Rooney's first goal in 2003 came on 23 March, netting Everton's only goal in a 2-1 loss at Arsenal.[34] In April, he scored a goal in Everton's 2-1 home win over Newcastle United,[35] before hitting a last-minute winner against Aston Villa in another 2-1 home win.[36] He ended his debut season with 8 goals in 37 appearances in all competitions for the Toffees.[37]
Rooney scored his first goal of the 2002-03 season in a 2-2 away draw against Charlton on 26 August 2003.[38] He didn't find the net again until December when he scored in a 2-1 away win over Portsmouth,[39] and a 3-2 home win over Leicester City.[40] His final goal of 2003 came on his 50th league appearance, netting the only goal in a 1-0 home win over Birmingham on 28 December.[41] On 21 February 2004, Rooney netted his first Premier League brace in a 3-3 away draw against Southampton.[42] He scored the only goal in a 1-0 win over Portsmouth on 13 March,[43] before scoring in a 1-1 away draw against Leicester City one week later.[44] Rooney scored his final goal of the season in a 1-1 away draw against Leeds United on 13 April.[45]
Manchester United
2004–05 season
Rooney's agent snubbed a three-year, £12,000-a-week contract offer from Everton in August 2004, leaving Manchester United and Newcastle United to compete for his signature. Everton rejected a bid of £20 million from Newcastle,[46] and Manchester United ultimately won the bidding war with Rooney signing for them at the end of the month after a £25.6 million deal with Everton was reached.[47] It was the highest fee ever paid for a player under 20 years old; Rooney was still only 18 when he left Everton.[48]
Rooney was given the number 8 shirt upon his arrival at Old Trafford.[49] He made his United debut on 28 September in a 6–2 home win over Fenerbahçe in the Champions League, scoring a hat-trick and laying on an assist.[50] These goals made Rooney the youngest player to score a hat-trick in the Champions League aged 18 years 335 days.[51] However, his first season with Manchester United ended without winning a trophy as they could only manage a third place finish in the league,[52] and failed to progress to the last eight of the Champions League.[53] United had more success in the cup competitions, but were edged out of the League Cup in the semi finals by a Chelsea side[54] who also won the Premier League title that season,[55] and a goalless draw with Arsenal in the FA Cup final was followed by a penalty shoot-out defeat.[56] However, Rooney was United's top league scorer that season with 11 goals, and was credited with the PFA Young Player of the Year award.[57]
2005–07
Rooney during United's 3–1 win over Manchester City in the derby, in which he scored the game's first goal
In September 2005, Rooney was sent off in a Champions League clash with Villarreal of Spain (which ended in a goalless draw) for sarcastically clapping the referee who had booked him for an unintentional foul on an opponent.[58] His first trophy with United came in the 2006 League Cup,[59] and he was also named man of the match after scoring twice in United's 4–0 win over Wigan Athletic in the final.[60] In the Premier League, however, an erratic start to the season left title glory looking unlikely for United and their title hopes were ended in late April when they lost 3–0 at home to champions Chelsea and had to settle for second place.[61] Rooney sustained a broken metatarsal in that game after a tackle made by Paulo Ferreira.[62] Rooney's goalscoring further improved in the 2005–06 season, as he managed 16 goals in 36 Premier League games.[63]
Rooney was sent off in an Amsterdam Tournament match against Porto on 4 August 2006 after hitting Porto defender Pepe with an elbow.[64] He was punished with a three-match ban by the FA, following their receipt of a 23-page report from referee Ruud Bossen that explained his decision.[65] Rooney wrote a letter of protest to the FA, citing the lack of punishment handed down to other players who were sent off in friendlies. He also threatened to withdraw the FA's permission to use his image rights if they did not revoke the ban, but the FA had no power to make such a decision.[66]
During the first half of the 2006–07 season, Rooney ended a ten-game scoreless streak with a hat-trick against Bolton Wanderers,[67] and he signed a two-year contract extension the next month that tied him to United until 2012. By the end of April, a combination of two goals in an 8–3 aggregate quarter-final win over Roma and two more in a 3–2 semi-final first leg victory over Milan.[68] By the end of that season, he had scored 14 league goals.[69] Rooney collected his first Premier League title winner's medal at the end of the 2006–07 season.[70]
2007–09
Wayne Rooney
In June 2007, Rooney was handed number 10, last worn by Ruud van Nistelrooy.[71][72] He fractured his left metatarsal in United's opening-day goalless draw against Reading on 12 August,[73] the same injury he had suffered to his right foot in 2004.[74] After being sidelined for six weeks, he returned for United's 1–0 Champions League group stage win over Roma on 2 October, scoring the match's only goal.[75] However, barely a month into his return, Rooney injured his ankle during a training session on 9 November, and missed an additional two weeks.[76] His first match back was against Fulham on 3 December, in which he played 70 minutes.[77] Rooney missed a total of ten games and finished the 2007–08 season with 18 goals (12 of them in the league),[63] as United clinched both the Premier League[78] and the Champions League, in which they defeated league rivals Chelsea[79] in the competition's first-ever all-English final.[80]
On 4 October 2008 in an away win over Blackburn Rovers, Rooney became the youngest player in league history to make 200 appearances.[81] On 14 January after scoring the only goal of the game 54 seconds into the 1–0 win over Wigan Athletic, Rooney limped off with a hamstring ailment in the eighth minute. His replacement, Carlos Tévez, was injured himself shortly after entering the game, but stayed on.[82] Rooney was out for three weeks, missing one match apiece in the League Cup and FA Cup, along with four Premier League matches.[83] On 25 April 2009, Rooney scored his final league goals of the season against Tottenham. United scored five goals in the second half to come from 2–0 down to win 5–2. Rooney grabbed two goals, set up two and provided the assist that led to the penalty for United's first goal.[84] Rooney ended the season with 20 goals in all competitions. Once again, he managed 12 goals in the league.[63]
2009–10 season
Rooney's start to the new campaign got off to great scoring ways, grabbing a goal in the 90th minute of the 2009 Community Shield, though United lost the game to Chelsea on penalties.[85] He then scored the only goal of the opening game of the 2009–10 season against Birmingham City, taking his overall United tally to 99.[86] He failed to score in the next game, a historic 1–0 defeat to the hands of newly promoted Burnley at Turf Moor. On 22 August, he became the 20th Manchester United player to have scored at least 100 goals for the club, when he found the net twice in a 5–0 away win at Wigan Athletic.[87]
Rooney in a November 2009 match against Everton
On 29 August, United played Arsenal at Old Trafford. Rooney scored the equaliser from the penalty spot after Andrei Arshavin had put the Gunners ahead. The game finished 2–1 to Manchester United after Abou Diaby scored an own goal.[88] Five days later Rooney commented on his penalty against Arsenal: "Everyone who watches me play knows I am an honest player, I play the game as honestly as I can. If the referee gives a penalty there is nothing you can do."[89] On 28 November 2009, Rooney scored his first hat-trick for three years in a 4–1 away victory against Portsmouth, with two of them being penalties.[90] On 27 December 2009, he was awarded Man of the Match against Hull City. He was involved in all the goals scored in the game, hitting the opener and then giving away the ball for Hull's equalizing penalty. He then forced Andy Dawson into conceding an own goal and then set up Dimitar Berbatov for United's third goal which gave them a 3–1 victory.[91] On 30 December 2009, three days on from their victory over Hull, he grabbed another goal in United's 5–0 thrashing of Wigan in their final game of the decade.[92] On 23 January 2010, Rooney scored all four goals in Manchester United's 4–0 win over Hull City; three of the goals came in the last 10 minutes of the match. This was the first time in his career that he bagged four in one match.[93] On 27 January 2010, he continued his scoring run by heading the winner in the second minute of stoppage time against derby rivals Manchester City. This gave United a 4–3 aggregate win, taking them into the final, it was his first League Cup goal since netting two in the 2006 final.[94] On 31 January 2010, Rooney scored his 100th Premier League goal in a 3–1 win over Arsenal for the first time in the league at the Emirates, notably his first Premier League goal also came against Arsenal.[95] On 16 February 2010, Rooney hit his first European goals of the season, scoring two headers in the 3–2 away win against Milan in Manchester United's first ever win against them at the San Siro.[96] On 28 February 2010, he scored another header against Aston Villa (his fifth consecutive headed goal in a row) which resulted in Manchester United winning the League Cup final 2–1.[97] In the second leg of United's European tie against Milan, Rooney scored a brace in a resounding 4–0 home victory, taking his tally of goals this season to 30.[98] He then added two more to his tally five days later at Old Trafford, in a 3–0 league win over Fulham.[99]
On 30 March 2010, during United's Champions League quarter-final first leg defeat against Bayern Munich at Munich's Allianz Arena, Rooney crumpled when he twisted his ankle in the last minute, hobbling off while Bayern were producing the build up that led to their second goal.[100] There were fears that he had received serious ligament damage or even a broken ankle, but it was announced that the injury was only slight ligament damage, and that he would be out for 2 to 3 weeks,[101] missing United's crunch match with Chelsea and the return leg against Munich the following week.[101] The team list for second leg yielded a massive surprise when Rooney was given a starting place in the United lineup.[102] Despite a 3–0 lead by the 41st minute, Munich snatched a goal back and United were later forced down to 10 men after Rafael da Silva was sent-off. Munich won the match after netting a second away-goal[102] and Rooney was substituted after re-damaging his ankle. On 25 April, Rooney was named the 2010 PFA Players' Player of the Year.[103]
2010–11 season
On 28 August 2010, Rooney scored his first goal of the season as he netted a penalty in a 3–0 home win over West Ham United.[104] In October, Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson stated at a press conference that Rooney wanted to quit the club.[105] This came after a period of dispute as to the extent of Rooney's ankle injury, where Rooney had refuted Ferguson's claim that the injury was the reason Rooney had been dropped to the bench.[106] Rooney and his representatives released a statement regarding his decision to leave the club, insisting it is not down to money but ambition.[107] Following this statement, Rooney made a dramatic U-turn and agreed a new five-year contract at Manchester United until June 2015.[108]
Rooney made his return to the first team as a substitute against Wigan on 20 November.[109] Four days later he returned to the starting line-up and scored a penalty in a 1–0 away win over Rangers in the Champions League.[110] He missed a penalty in a 1–0 home win over Arsenal on 13 December.[111] His first goal of the season from open play came on 1 January 2011 in a 2–1 away win over West Bromwich Albion.[112] On 1 February, Rooney scored twice and assisted Nemanja Vidic's goal in a 3–1 home win over Aston Villa.[113] On 12 February, Rooney scored an overhead volley in the 78th minute of the Manchester derby, proving to be the winning goal in their 2–1 win over Manchester City.[114] After the match, Rooney said it was the best goal of his career,[115] before Sir Alex Ferguson described the strike as the best goal he has ever witnessed at Old Trafford.[116] Two weeks later he scored the third goal in a 4–0 away win over Wigan,[117] before opening the scoring in a 2–1 away loss to Chelsea on 1 March.[118] Rooney opened the scoring in a 2–0 home win over Arsenal in an FA Cup tie on 12 March.[119]
On 2 April, United came from two goals down as Rooney scored his first hat-trick of the season in a 4–2 away win over West Ham United.[120] This was his fifth hat-trick for Manchester United, whilst the second goal was his 100th in the Premier League for the club.[121] He is the third Manchester United player to score 100 Premier League goals, joining Ryan Giggs and Paul Scholes.[122] During Rooney's celebrations following his third goal, he swore into a pitchside camera and was subsequently charged by the Football Association for using offensive language.[123] Rooney accepted the charge, but not the automatic two-match ban which was handed to him.[124] He appealed against the length of the suspension, calling it "excessive", but failed to overturn the two-match ban which ruled him out of the FA Cup semi-final against Manchester City on 16 April.[125] The following game on 6 April saw Rooney scored the only goal in a 1–0 away win against Chelsea in the Champions League quarter-final first leg.[126] He followed this goal up with another strike in the semi-final first leg against German side Schalke on 26 April, scoring the second of a 2–0 away win.[127] This was the first time Rooney had returned to the Veltins-Arena in Gelsenkirchen since his sending off during the 2006 FIFA World Cup against Portugal.[128]
On 14 May 2011, Rooney successfully converted a penalty for United to equalise and give them a 1–1 draw against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park in the penultimate game of the Premier League season - enough to secure a record 19th top division title for United, and giving Rooney his fourth Premier League title winner's medal.[129]
International career
Rooney playing for England in 2006
Rooney became the youngest player to play for England when he earned his first cap in a friendly against Australia on 12 February 2003 at seventeen,[130] the same age at which he also became the youngest player to score an England goal.[131] Arsenal youngster Theo Walcott broke Rooney's appearance record by 36 days in May 2006.[132]
His first tournament action was at Euro 2004, in which he became the youngest scorer in competition history on 17 June 2004, when he scored twice against Switzerland;[133] however, this record was topped by Swiss midfielder Johan Vonlanthen four days later.[134] Rooney suffered an injury in the quarter-final match against Portugal and England were eliminated on penalties.[135]
Following a foot injury in an April 2006 Premier League match, Rooney faced a race to fitness for the 2006 World Cup.[136] England attempted to hasten his recovery with the use of an oxygen tent,[137] which allowed Rooney to enter a group match against Trinidad and Tobago[138] and start the next match against Sweden.[139] However, he never got back into game shape and went scoreless as England bowed out in the quarter-finals, again on penalty kicks.[140]
Rooney training with England in September 2009
Rooney was red-carded in the 62nd minute of the quarter-final for stamping on Portugal defender Ricardo Carvalho as both attempted to gain possession of the ball, an incident that occurred right in front of referee Horacio Elizondo.[141] Rooney's Manchester United teammate Cristiano Ronaldo openly protested his actions, and was in turn shoved by Rooney.[141] Elizondo sent Rooney off, after which Ronaldo was seen winking at the Portugal bench.[141] Rooney denied intentionally targeting Carvalho in a statement on 3 July, adding, "I bear no ill feeling to Cristiano but I'm disappointed that he chose to get involved. I suppose I do, though, have to remember that on that particular occasion we were not teammates."[142] Elizondo confirmed the next day that Rooney was dismissed solely for the infraction on Carvalho.[143] Rooney was fined CHF5,000 for the incident.[144]
During the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, after England drew with Algeria, the England players were booed off the pitch by supporters. Rooney made a comment as he left the pitch to television cameras saying, "Nice to see your home fans boo you, that's loyal supporters".[145] He later apologised for the comment[146] made during a lacklustre tournament for England who were eliminated in the second round.
International goals
Updated to games played 7 September 2010.[147][148]
pemain bola EDWIN VAN DER SAR
Edwin van der Sar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a Dutch name; the family name is Van der Sar, not Sar.
Edwin van der Sar Edwin van der Sar side.jpg
Personal information
Full name Edwin van der Sar
Date of birth 29 October 1970 (1970-10-29) (age 40)[1]
Place of birth Voorhout, Netherlands[2]
Height 6 ft 5.5 in (1.97 m)[3]
Playing position Goalkeeper (Retired)
Youth career
1980–1985 Foreholte
1985–1990 VV Noordwijk
Senior career*
Years Team Apps† (Gls)†
1990–1999 Ajax 226 (1)
1999–2001 Juventus 66 (0)
2001–2005 Fulham 127 (0)
2005–2011 Manchester United 186 (0)
Total 605 (1)
National team
1995–2008 Netherlands 130 (0)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 23:19, 22 May 2011 (UTC).
† Appearances (Goals).
Edwin van der Sar (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛdʋɪn vɑn dər sɑr]) (born 29 October 1970[2]) is a former Dutch footballer who played as a goalkeeper for AFC Ajax, Juventus, Fulham and Manchester United. He is the most capped player in the Netherlands national football team's history.
He started his senior career at Ajax and is considered to be a member of a golden generation of players at the club. He remained there for nine years before moving to Italian club Juventus and then to England, first to Fulham and then to Manchester United. He is one of the few footballers to have won the UEFA Champions League with two different teams – with Ajax in 1995 and Manchester United in 2008; in the latter, he was also named UEFA Man of the Match. Van der Sar also won the UEFA Cup with Ajax in 1992.
Throughout a long and successful career, Van der Sar achieved and set numerous records. In the 2008–09 season he set the world league clean sheet record by not conceding a single goal for 1,311 minutes. Along with being the most capped player for the Netherlands national team, with 130 caps, he is also the oldest player to win the Premier League, at 40 years and 205 days old. Individually Van Der Sar has won several honours, including Best European Goalkeeper in 1995, 2008, 2009 and 2010, and UEFA Club Goalkeeper of the Year in 1995 and 2009.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Club career
o 1.1 Ajax
o 1.2 Juventus
o 1.3 Fulham
o 1.4 Manchester United
* 2 International career
o 2.1 Euro 2004
o 2.2 2006 World Cup
o 2.3 Euro 2008
o 2.4 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
* 3 Personal life
* 4 Career statistics
o 4.1 Club
o 4.2 International
* 5 Honours and awards
o 5.1 Club
o 5.2 Individual
o 5.3 Records
* 6 References
* 7 External links
Club career
Ajax
Wiki letter w cropped.svg This section requires expansion.
Born in Voorhout, Van der Sar began his career at his hometown club, Foreholte, and then vv Noordwijk. At a relatively late age, he was brought to the attention of Louis van Gaal, and subsequently signed for Ajax. Even though he joined late he went into the reserve team and bided his time before getting his first team call up by Louis van Gaal. He enjoyed a long and successful stint in their senior side, winning the 1991–92 UEFA Cup and the 1994–95 UEFA Champions League, as well as the 1995 Best European Goalkeeper award. He was in goal for Ajax in the 1996 UEFA Champions League Final, but had to make do with a runner-up medal as they lost the penalty shootout against Juventus. He made a total of 226 appearances for Ajax and scored a penalty for Ajax to complete an 8–1 victory over De Graafschap in the 1997–98 season. In his first full season as Ajax No. 1 he won the Dutch Football Goalkeeper of the Year, he would then go on to retain the award for the next 3 consecutive years
Juventus
Wiki letter w cropped.svg This section requires expansion.
In 1999 van der Sar's stature of being one of Europe's top goalkeepers drew attention from Manchester United after the departure of Peter Schmeichel, however Van der Sar moved to Italian club Juventus for a fee believed to be worth around £5 million. He made his debut for The Old Lady in the 1-1 draw with Reggina at the Stadio Delle Alpi.[4] He became the first non-Italian to keep goal for the Turin club, in the process becoming regarded as one of the best goalkeepers in Italian football.
He was the first choice goalkeeper during his first two seasons in Italy, making 66 Serie A appearances as Juventus finished runners up in the league twice under Carlo Ancelotti. On the final day of the 1999-2000 season, Juventus lost to Perugia Calcio, allowing Lazio to win the title. The following season, Van der Sar helped Juventus finish 2 points behind eventual champions A.S. Roma.
Despite his good form, van der Sar lost his place in the summer of 2001, after the Bianconeri purchased Italian International keeper Gianluigi Buffon from Parma for a reported fee of £32.6 million, a world-record fee for a goalkeeper. Unwilling to remain as second choice behind Buffon, Van der Sar made it clear he wished to move on after 2 years in Serie A. Despite the attention of huge clubs all around Europe, Van der Sar eventually opted to move to the English Premier League, joining newly promoted London club Fulham for a reported £7.1 million.
Fulham
Wiki letter w cropped.svg This section requires expansion.
van der Sar at Fulham.
On 1 August 2001, van der Sar signed a four-year contract with Fulham for an undisclosed fee, reported to be £7 million.[5] The following day, Van der Sar was officially unveiled by Fulham, and upon his arrival, he described the move as a "nice friendly atmosphere" and that he felt "appreciated".[6] He made his league debut on 18 August 2001 in a 2–3 away defeat against Manchester United.[7] In total, he notched up 127 league appearances while at Fulham. His performances for the Cottagers caught the eye of Manchester United and the attention of Sir Alex Ferguson.[8][9]
Manchester United
Van der Sar signed for Manchester United on 10 June 2005[10] for a reported fee of £2 million, although the exact transfer fee was undisclosed.[11] Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson considers him the best goalkeeper to have played for the club since Peter Schmeichel.[12]
Van der Sar in action for Manchester United
On 5 May 2007, his penalty save helped assure a 1–0 triumph over Manchester City in the Manchester derby. The following day, Chelsea's failure to beat Arsenal at the Emirates ensured Manchester United's ninth Premier League trophy and Van der Sar's first. He was also named to the 2006–07 PFA Team of the Year.[13] Three months later, he was a catalyst in Manchester United's 16th FA Community Shield victory, as he saved three consecutive penalties in a shootout after Manchester United and Chelsea played to a 1–1 draw at the end of regular time.[14]
The 2007–08 season was van der Sar's best season since his arrival; he had several great performances despite a niggling groin injury. He would help United secure their second successive Premier League title on the final day and win the Champions League by saving the final penalty of the shoot-out from Nicolas Anelka gaining him the nickname "Van der Save".[15]
Van der Sar signed a one-year extension to his current contract with Manchester United on 12 December 2008, keeping him at the club until at least the end of the 2009–10 season.[16]
On 27 January 2009, Van der Sar helped Manchester United set a new club and Premier League record for consecutive clean sheets – the club's 5–0 win over West Bromwich Albion meant that they had gone 11 games and 1,032 minutes without conceding a goal, beating the previous record of 10 matches and 1,025 minutes set by Petr Čech in the 2004–05 season. He then broke the overall English league record in the club's following game four days later, beating the previous record of 1,103 minutes, set by Steve Death of Reading in 1979.[17] Another clean sheet, against West Ham on 8 February 2009, extended the record to 1,212 minutes, beating the British top-flight record of 1,155 minutes previously set by Aberdeen's Bobby Clark in 1971.[18] Finally, on 18 February 2009, Van der Sar further extended the record to 1,302 minutes, and in doing so, he broke José María Buljubasich's single-season world record of 1,289 minutes, set in the Chilean Clausura in 2005.[19][20] His clean sheet record ended on 4 March, when he made an error allowing Peter Løvenkrands of Newcastle United to score after 9 minutes.[21] In total, Van der Sar had gone 1,311 minutes without conceding in the league.[15] These clean sheets were a major factor in United clinching their 11th Premiership title as United won a lot of games 1–0 to clinch the title ahead of Liverpool. With a total of 21 clean sheets he also won the Barclays Golden Glove for 2008–09. However, he missed out on winning his third Champions League winners medal as United succumbed to a 2–0 defeat at the hands of Barcelona on 27 May 2009. Nevertheless, he won Best European Goalkeeper award from UEFA for the second time, 14 years after he first won it at Ajax. He was one of the five United players shortlisted for the PFA Players' Player of the Year award but it went to United teammate Ryan Giggs instead, however he was included into the PFA Team of the Year.[22]
Van der Sar sustained a finger injury during the Audi Cup pre-season tournament, forcing him to miss the first 12 matches of Manchester United's 2009–10 season.[23] On 6 October 2009, Van der Sar returned to action for United, playing 90 minutes in the reserves against Everton.[24] On 17 October 2009, he returned to action in the first team, playing in United's 2–1 victory over Bolton Wanderers.[25] On 21 November 2009, Van der Sar would suffer injury again and be kept out of action for 12 games, with the combination of the Dutchman’s wife suffering a brain haemorrhage just before Christmas. On 16 January 2010, Van der Sar returned to action in a 3–0 win over Burnley.[26]
Van der Sar signed a one-year extension to his current contract with Manchester United on 26 February 2010, keeping him at the club until at least the end of the 2010–11 season.[27]
On 23 December 2010, British press reported that Sir Alex Ferguson had confirmed van der Sar would retire at the end of the 2010–11 Premier League season.[28] Although he denied the reports at the time,[28] Van der Sar confirmed on 27 January 2011 it now was his intention.[29] On 12 March, Van der Sar was named Man of the Match against Arsenal in the FA Cup after making several fine saves. United won the match 2–0 with goals from Wayne Rooney and Fábio. He was included in the PFA Team of the Year, making his third appearance there, others in 2007 and 2008.
On 22 May 2011, he played his final game at Old Trafford in a 4–2 victory over Blackpool resulting in Blackpool's relegation from the Premier League. He captained United as a farewell treat. His last game for the United was against Barcelona in the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final, which United lost 3–1.
On 28 May 2011, Van der Sar retired from active football.[30]
International career
Van der Sar was included in the Netherlands's 1994 World Cup squad but did not play. He had to wait until 7 June 1995 for his international debut, against Belarus. He was in goal for three successive eliminations from major competitions by penalties: Euro 96, France 98 and Euro 2000. The Netherlands failed to qualify for the 2002 World Cup after failing to compete with Portugal and the Republic of Ireland and so during all of his career with the Netherlands, he had missed one tournament.
Euro 2004
During the penalty shootout at the Euro 2004 quarter-final against Sweden, Van der Sar saved a penalty from Olof Mellberg, as the Netherlands won the shootout 5–4 and advanced to the semifinals,[31] where they lost to Portugal.[32]
2006 World Cup
Van der Sar at the 2006 World Cup.
Prior to the 2006 World Cup group match against Ivory Coast, Van der Sar had not conceded a goal in nine consecutive competitive matches.[33] As captain of the Netherlands, he broke Frank de Boer's record of all-time caps for his country in the 2006 World Cup second round match against Portugal.[34]
Euro 2008
Edwin van der Sar in training with the Netherlands prior to Euro 2008.
On his 37th birthday, van der Sar was interviewed by Radio 538 and stated that he intended to retire from international football after Euro 2008.[35] Prior to the tournament, he was instrumental in bringing an end to a long-time dispute between veteran striker Ruud van Nistelrooy and manager Marco van Basten.[36] He was the captain in their impressive 3–0 victory over Italy on 9 June 2008, and also on 13 June for the 4–1 victory over France. On 21 June, he played in the 3–1 quarter-final loss against Russia, which was believed to be his final international.[37] This was his 16th appearance on a European Championship finals match, with which he equalled the record set by Lilian Thuram a few days earlier. Along with 22 other players Van der Sar was named in the team of the tournament.[15] Following Euro 2008, Van der Sar had the distinction of playing more minutes at the European Football Championship than any other player.[38]
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
On 3 October 2008, at the urging of new coach Bert van Marwijk, Van der Sar agreed to come out of international retirement for the Netherlands' 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Iceland and Norway after injuries to Maarten Stekelenburg and Henk Timmer made both unavailable for the two games.[39] Van der Sar kept a clean sheet in both matches, which were won by the Dutch 2–0 and 1–0 respectively. In Oslo, the Dutch defeated Norway 1–0 courtesy of a Mark van Bommel goal, thus ensuring a fitting send-off for Van der Sar who earned his record 130th cap during that match.[40]
Van der Sar represented the Dutch national team 130 times, which makes him the country's most capped player. This puts him in the top thirty most capped players of all time.
Personal life
Van der Sar is married to Annemarie van Kesteren,[41] the couple's wedding ceremony took place at the Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam, on 20 May 2006.[42] The couple have two children: a son, Joe, and a daughter, Lynn.[43] Joe was on the pitch celebrating when his father saved a penalty in the Netherlands' 5–4 shoot-out victory over Sweden in the Euro 2004 quarter-finals.[41] In December 2009, Van Kesteren was admitted to hospital just two days before Christmas,[44] reports said she had suffered a suspected brain haemorrhage and was in a "very poor" condition.[45] Van der Sar was granted indefinite leave following his wife's collapse and it is understood that she has made a good recovery with no long term effects
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Page semi-protected
This is a Dutch name; the family name is Van der Sar, not Sar.
Edwin van der Sar Edwin van der Sar side.jpg
Personal information
Full name Edwin van der Sar
Date of birth 29 October 1970 (1970-10-29) (age 40)[1]
Place of birth Voorhout, Netherlands[2]
Height 6 ft 5.5 in (1.97 m)[3]
Playing position Goalkeeper (Retired)
Youth career
1980–1985 Foreholte
1985–1990 VV Noordwijk
Senior career*
Years Team Apps† (Gls)†
1990–1999 Ajax 226 (1)
1999–2001 Juventus 66 (0)
2001–2005 Fulham 127 (0)
2005–2011 Manchester United 186 (0)
Total 605 (1)
National team
1995–2008 Netherlands 130 (0)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 23:19, 22 May 2011 (UTC).
† Appearances (Goals).
Edwin van der Sar (Dutch pronunciation: [ɛdʋɪn vɑn dər sɑr]) (born 29 October 1970[2]) is a former Dutch footballer who played as a goalkeeper for AFC Ajax, Juventus, Fulham and Manchester United. He is the most capped player in the Netherlands national football team's history.
He started his senior career at Ajax and is considered to be a member of a golden generation of players at the club. He remained there for nine years before moving to Italian club Juventus and then to England, first to Fulham and then to Manchester United. He is one of the few footballers to have won the UEFA Champions League with two different teams – with Ajax in 1995 and Manchester United in 2008; in the latter, he was also named UEFA Man of the Match. Van der Sar also won the UEFA Cup with Ajax in 1992.
Throughout a long and successful career, Van der Sar achieved and set numerous records. In the 2008–09 season he set the world league clean sheet record by not conceding a single goal for 1,311 minutes. Along with being the most capped player for the Netherlands national team, with 130 caps, he is also the oldest player to win the Premier League, at 40 years and 205 days old. Individually Van Der Sar has won several honours, including Best European Goalkeeper in 1995, 2008, 2009 and 2010, and UEFA Club Goalkeeper of the Year in 1995 and 2009.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Club career
o 1.1 Ajax
o 1.2 Juventus
o 1.3 Fulham
o 1.4 Manchester United
* 2 International career
o 2.1 Euro 2004
o 2.2 2006 World Cup
o 2.3 Euro 2008
o 2.4 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
* 3 Personal life
* 4 Career statistics
o 4.1 Club
o 4.2 International
* 5 Honours and awards
o 5.1 Club
o 5.2 Individual
o 5.3 Records
* 6 References
* 7 External links
Club career
Ajax
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Born in Voorhout, Van der Sar began his career at his hometown club, Foreholte, and then vv Noordwijk. At a relatively late age, he was brought to the attention of Louis van Gaal, and subsequently signed for Ajax. Even though he joined late he went into the reserve team and bided his time before getting his first team call up by Louis van Gaal. He enjoyed a long and successful stint in their senior side, winning the 1991–92 UEFA Cup and the 1994–95 UEFA Champions League, as well as the 1995 Best European Goalkeeper award. He was in goal for Ajax in the 1996 UEFA Champions League Final, but had to make do with a runner-up medal as they lost the penalty shootout against Juventus. He made a total of 226 appearances for Ajax and scored a penalty for Ajax to complete an 8–1 victory over De Graafschap in the 1997–98 season. In his first full season as Ajax No. 1 he won the Dutch Football Goalkeeper of the Year, he would then go on to retain the award for the next 3 consecutive years
Juventus
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In 1999 van der Sar's stature of being one of Europe's top goalkeepers drew attention from Manchester United after the departure of Peter Schmeichel, however Van der Sar moved to Italian club Juventus for a fee believed to be worth around £5 million. He made his debut for The Old Lady in the 1-1 draw with Reggina at the Stadio Delle Alpi.[4] He became the first non-Italian to keep goal for the Turin club, in the process becoming regarded as one of the best goalkeepers in Italian football.
He was the first choice goalkeeper during his first two seasons in Italy, making 66 Serie A appearances as Juventus finished runners up in the league twice under Carlo Ancelotti. On the final day of the 1999-2000 season, Juventus lost to Perugia Calcio, allowing Lazio to win the title. The following season, Van der Sar helped Juventus finish 2 points behind eventual champions A.S. Roma.
Despite his good form, van der Sar lost his place in the summer of 2001, after the Bianconeri purchased Italian International keeper Gianluigi Buffon from Parma for a reported fee of £32.6 million, a world-record fee for a goalkeeper. Unwilling to remain as second choice behind Buffon, Van der Sar made it clear he wished to move on after 2 years in Serie A. Despite the attention of huge clubs all around Europe, Van der Sar eventually opted to move to the English Premier League, joining newly promoted London club Fulham for a reported £7.1 million.
Fulham
Wiki letter w cropped.svg This section requires expansion.
van der Sar at Fulham.
On 1 August 2001, van der Sar signed a four-year contract with Fulham for an undisclosed fee, reported to be £7 million.[5] The following day, Van der Sar was officially unveiled by Fulham, and upon his arrival, he described the move as a "nice friendly atmosphere" and that he felt "appreciated".[6] He made his league debut on 18 August 2001 in a 2–3 away defeat against Manchester United.[7] In total, he notched up 127 league appearances while at Fulham. His performances for the Cottagers caught the eye of Manchester United and the attention of Sir Alex Ferguson.[8][9]
Manchester United
Van der Sar signed for Manchester United on 10 June 2005[10] for a reported fee of £2 million, although the exact transfer fee was undisclosed.[11] Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson considers him the best goalkeeper to have played for the club since Peter Schmeichel.[12]
Van der Sar in action for Manchester United
On 5 May 2007, his penalty save helped assure a 1–0 triumph over Manchester City in the Manchester derby. The following day, Chelsea's failure to beat Arsenal at the Emirates ensured Manchester United's ninth Premier League trophy and Van der Sar's first. He was also named to the 2006–07 PFA Team of the Year.[13] Three months later, he was a catalyst in Manchester United's 16th FA Community Shield victory, as he saved three consecutive penalties in a shootout after Manchester United and Chelsea played to a 1–1 draw at the end of regular time.[14]
The 2007–08 season was van der Sar's best season since his arrival; he had several great performances despite a niggling groin injury. He would help United secure their second successive Premier League title on the final day and win the Champions League by saving the final penalty of the shoot-out from Nicolas Anelka gaining him the nickname "Van der Save".[15]
Van der Sar signed a one-year extension to his current contract with Manchester United on 12 December 2008, keeping him at the club until at least the end of the 2009–10 season.[16]
On 27 January 2009, Van der Sar helped Manchester United set a new club and Premier League record for consecutive clean sheets – the club's 5–0 win over West Bromwich Albion meant that they had gone 11 games and 1,032 minutes without conceding a goal, beating the previous record of 10 matches and 1,025 minutes set by Petr Čech in the 2004–05 season. He then broke the overall English league record in the club's following game four days later, beating the previous record of 1,103 minutes, set by Steve Death of Reading in 1979.[17] Another clean sheet, against West Ham on 8 February 2009, extended the record to 1,212 minutes, beating the British top-flight record of 1,155 minutes previously set by Aberdeen's Bobby Clark in 1971.[18] Finally, on 18 February 2009, Van der Sar further extended the record to 1,302 minutes, and in doing so, he broke José María Buljubasich's single-season world record of 1,289 minutes, set in the Chilean Clausura in 2005.[19][20] His clean sheet record ended on 4 March, when he made an error allowing Peter Løvenkrands of Newcastle United to score after 9 minutes.[21] In total, Van der Sar had gone 1,311 minutes without conceding in the league.[15] These clean sheets were a major factor in United clinching their 11th Premiership title as United won a lot of games 1–0 to clinch the title ahead of Liverpool. With a total of 21 clean sheets he also won the Barclays Golden Glove for 2008–09. However, he missed out on winning his third Champions League winners medal as United succumbed to a 2–0 defeat at the hands of Barcelona on 27 May 2009. Nevertheless, he won Best European Goalkeeper award from UEFA for the second time, 14 years after he first won it at Ajax. He was one of the five United players shortlisted for the PFA Players' Player of the Year award but it went to United teammate Ryan Giggs instead, however he was included into the PFA Team of the Year.[22]
Van der Sar sustained a finger injury during the Audi Cup pre-season tournament, forcing him to miss the first 12 matches of Manchester United's 2009–10 season.[23] On 6 October 2009, Van der Sar returned to action for United, playing 90 minutes in the reserves against Everton.[24] On 17 October 2009, he returned to action in the first team, playing in United's 2–1 victory over Bolton Wanderers.[25] On 21 November 2009, Van der Sar would suffer injury again and be kept out of action for 12 games, with the combination of the Dutchman’s wife suffering a brain haemorrhage just before Christmas. On 16 January 2010, Van der Sar returned to action in a 3–0 win over Burnley.[26]
Van der Sar signed a one-year extension to his current contract with Manchester United on 26 February 2010, keeping him at the club until at least the end of the 2010–11 season.[27]
On 23 December 2010, British press reported that Sir Alex Ferguson had confirmed van der Sar would retire at the end of the 2010–11 Premier League season.[28] Although he denied the reports at the time,[28] Van der Sar confirmed on 27 January 2011 it now was his intention.[29] On 12 March, Van der Sar was named Man of the Match against Arsenal in the FA Cup after making several fine saves. United won the match 2–0 with goals from Wayne Rooney and Fábio. He was included in the PFA Team of the Year, making his third appearance there, others in 2007 and 2008.
On 22 May 2011, he played his final game at Old Trafford in a 4–2 victory over Blackpool resulting in Blackpool's relegation from the Premier League. He captained United as a farewell treat. His last game for the United was against Barcelona in the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final, which United lost 3–1.
On 28 May 2011, Van der Sar retired from active football.[30]
International career
Van der Sar was included in the Netherlands's 1994 World Cup squad but did not play. He had to wait until 7 June 1995 for his international debut, against Belarus. He was in goal for three successive eliminations from major competitions by penalties: Euro 96, France 98 and Euro 2000. The Netherlands failed to qualify for the 2002 World Cup after failing to compete with Portugal and the Republic of Ireland and so during all of his career with the Netherlands, he had missed one tournament.
Euro 2004
During the penalty shootout at the Euro 2004 quarter-final against Sweden, Van der Sar saved a penalty from Olof Mellberg, as the Netherlands won the shootout 5–4 and advanced to the semifinals,[31] where they lost to Portugal.[32]
2006 World Cup
Van der Sar at the 2006 World Cup.
Prior to the 2006 World Cup group match against Ivory Coast, Van der Sar had not conceded a goal in nine consecutive competitive matches.[33] As captain of the Netherlands, he broke Frank de Boer's record of all-time caps for his country in the 2006 World Cup second round match against Portugal.[34]
Euro 2008
Edwin van der Sar in training with the Netherlands prior to Euro 2008.
On his 37th birthday, van der Sar was interviewed by Radio 538 and stated that he intended to retire from international football after Euro 2008.[35] Prior to the tournament, he was instrumental in bringing an end to a long-time dispute between veteran striker Ruud van Nistelrooy and manager Marco van Basten.[36] He was the captain in their impressive 3–0 victory over Italy on 9 June 2008, and also on 13 June for the 4–1 victory over France. On 21 June, he played in the 3–1 quarter-final loss against Russia, which was believed to be his final international.[37] This was his 16th appearance on a European Championship finals match, with which he equalled the record set by Lilian Thuram a few days earlier. Along with 22 other players Van der Sar was named in the team of the tournament.[15] Following Euro 2008, Van der Sar had the distinction of playing more minutes at the European Football Championship than any other player.[38]
2010 FIFA World Cup qualification
On 3 October 2008, at the urging of new coach Bert van Marwijk, Van der Sar agreed to come out of international retirement for the Netherlands' 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Iceland and Norway after injuries to Maarten Stekelenburg and Henk Timmer made both unavailable for the two games.[39] Van der Sar kept a clean sheet in both matches, which were won by the Dutch 2–0 and 1–0 respectively. In Oslo, the Dutch defeated Norway 1–0 courtesy of a Mark van Bommel goal, thus ensuring a fitting send-off for Van der Sar who earned his record 130th cap during that match.[40]
Van der Sar represented the Dutch national team 130 times, which makes him the country's most capped player. This puts him in the top thirty most capped players of all time.
Personal life
Van der Sar is married to Annemarie van Kesteren,[41] the couple's wedding ceremony took place at the Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam, on 20 May 2006.[42] The couple have two children: a son, Joe, and a daughter, Lynn.[43] Joe was on the pitch celebrating when his father saved a penalty in the Netherlands' 5–4 shoot-out victory over Sweden in the Euro 2004 quarter-finals.[41] In December 2009, Van Kesteren was admitted to hospital just two days before Christmas,[44] reports said she had suffered a suspected brain haemorrhage and was in a "very poor" condition.[45] Van der Sar was granted indefinite leave following his wife's collapse and it is understood that she has made a good recovery with no long term effects
pemain bola (LIONEL MESSI)
Lionel Andrés Messi (lahir di Rosario, 24 Juni 1987; umur 23 tahun) adalah seorang pemain sepak bola asal Argentina. Posisinya adalah penyerang. Saat ini ia memperkuat FC Barcelona di Liga Spanyol. Kemampuannya sering membuatnya dijuluki sebagai "Diego Maradona baru".
[sunting] Biografi
Pada awalnya pemain bertinggi badan 169 cm ini beraksi di klub Grandoli, klub asuhan Jorge Messi yang tak lain adalah ayahnya Messi. Kemudian ia beralih ke Newell's Old Boys. Namun klub ini tidak sanggup membayar biaya terapi hormon yang mencapai 500 pounds perbulannya. Untunglah Barcelona segera menangkap potensi hebat Lionel Messi dan menawarinya pindah ke Spanyol untuk bergabung bersama klub Katalan ini plus membiayai seluruh biaya terapi.
"Saya hanya butuh waktu kurang dari 10 menit untuk yakin bahwa dia memang seorang bintang masa depan." ucap pelatih Barcelona B kala itu, Carles Rexach. "Sepanjang karier saya selama 40 tahun, tak pernah saya melihat seorang pemain yang benar-benar bertalenta. seseorang dengan pengetahuan sepak bola minim pun akan bisa menyadari kemampuan hebat messi."
Bakatnya menarik perhatian dunia sewaktu beraksi bersama tim nasional sepak bola Argentina di Piala Dunia Remaja dan Barcelona pada tahun 2005. Pada tahun 2006 dia berhasil membantu Barcelona sebelum mengalami cedera dalam pertandingan perempatfinal menghadapi Chelsea di Liga Champions. Messi yang mempunyai tubuh yang agak kecil ini sangat lincah di atas lapangan dan kerap membuka ruang kepada rekan-rekannya yang memburu gol. instingnya sebagai pemain sepak bola semakin terasah sejak memperkuat tim barcelona senior, terlebih perpaduannya dalam bermain bersama bintang dari brazil kala itu Ronaldinho semakin mematangkannya sebagai pesepak bola andal seperti saat ini.
Bukti dari kualitas permainannya adalah dengan memberi kontribusi terhadap klub nya Barcelona dalam meraih banyak gelar, dan puncaknya diraih bersama barcelona pada tahun 2009 yang lalu, dimana dari semua kejuaraan yang diikuti oleh klub Barcelona, mereka meraih semua gelar, totalnya sebanyak 6 (enam) gelar (Sextuple) pada tahun 2009. Hal ini ditandai oleh messi dengan meraih golden booth award serta Most Valauble player di Champions League serta meraih penghargaan tertinggi didunia sepak bola dengan meraih predikat sebagai Pemain Terbaik Eropa (Balon d'or) dan Pemain terbaik Dunia Versi FIFA.
[sunting] Biografi
Pada awalnya pemain bertinggi badan 169 cm ini beraksi di klub Grandoli, klub asuhan Jorge Messi yang tak lain adalah ayahnya Messi. Kemudian ia beralih ke Newell's Old Boys. Namun klub ini tidak sanggup membayar biaya terapi hormon yang mencapai 500 pounds perbulannya. Untunglah Barcelona segera menangkap potensi hebat Lionel Messi dan menawarinya pindah ke Spanyol untuk bergabung bersama klub Katalan ini plus membiayai seluruh biaya terapi.
"Saya hanya butuh waktu kurang dari 10 menit untuk yakin bahwa dia memang seorang bintang masa depan." ucap pelatih Barcelona B kala itu, Carles Rexach. "Sepanjang karier saya selama 40 tahun, tak pernah saya melihat seorang pemain yang benar-benar bertalenta. seseorang dengan pengetahuan sepak bola minim pun akan bisa menyadari kemampuan hebat messi."
Bakatnya menarik perhatian dunia sewaktu beraksi bersama tim nasional sepak bola Argentina di Piala Dunia Remaja dan Barcelona pada tahun 2005. Pada tahun 2006 dia berhasil membantu Barcelona sebelum mengalami cedera dalam pertandingan perempatfinal menghadapi Chelsea di Liga Champions. Messi yang mempunyai tubuh yang agak kecil ini sangat lincah di atas lapangan dan kerap membuka ruang kepada rekan-rekannya yang memburu gol. instingnya sebagai pemain sepak bola semakin terasah sejak memperkuat tim barcelona senior, terlebih perpaduannya dalam bermain bersama bintang dari brazil kala itu Ronaldinho semakin mematangkannya sebagai pesepak bola andal seperti saat ini.
Bukti dari kualitas permainannya adalah dengan memberi kontribusi terhadap klub nya Barcelona dalam meraih banyak gelar, dan puncaknya diraih bersama barcelona pada tahun 2009 yang lalu, dimana dari semua kejuaraan yang diikuti oleh klub Barcelona, mereka meraih semua gelar, totalnya sebanyak 6 (enam) gelar (Sextuple) pada tahun 2009. Hal ini ditandai oleh messi dengan meraih golden booth award serta Most Valauble player di Champions League serta meraih penghargaan tertinggi didunia sepak bola dengan meraih predikat sebagai Pemain Terbaik Eropa (Balon d'or) dan Pemain terbaik Dunia Versi FIFA.
pemain bola ( RICARDO KAKA )
cardo Kaka - Bintang Sepakbola Brazil
Terlahir Dengan nama lengkap Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite (lahir 22 April 1982 di Brasília), lebih dikenal dengan nama Kaká, adalah seorang pemain bolasepak Brasil yang kini menyertai Kelab Real Madrid. Kaká adalah salah satu pemain sepakbola berbakat yang dimiliki Brasil, Negara yang satu ini memang gudangnya pemain berbakat dari jaman dahulu sampai sekarang. Anak dari pasangan Simone Cristina dos Santos Leite dan Bosco Izecson Pereira Leite. Kaka mempunyai istri yang bernama Caroline Celico yang dinikahinya pada tanggal 23 Desember 2005.
Kaká mempunyai adik laki-laki, Rodrigo, yang dikenal sebagai Digão, yang mengikuti langkahnya bermain bola di Itali. Nama panggilannya Kaká, diambil dari bahasa aslinya, Portuguese, yang diucapkan seperti ejaannya, dengan penekanan pada suku kata kedua yang ditandai dengan aksen. Itu biasa dipakai untuk menyingkat nama "Ricardo" di Brazil, bagaimanapun juga, Kaká mendapatkan nama panggilannya dari adiknya, Rodrigo, yang tidak pandai menyebut "Ricardo" ketika mereka masih kecil. Rodrigo memanggil abangnya "Caca" yang kemudian berganti menjadi "Kaká".
Pada umur 15 tahun Kaká menandatangani kontrak dengan Sao Paulo, dia memulai debutnya di tim yunior. Pada usia 17 tahun, Sao Paulo berniat menjual Kaká ke tim dari Liga divisi satu Turki, Gaziantepspor, namun transfer tidak terlaksana, karena masalah pembayaran. Debutnya di tim senior São Paulo FC pada tahun 2001 ketika di berusia 18 tahun. Pada musim pertama, ia menciptakan 12 gol dalam 27 pertandingan, sedangkan pada musim berikutnya dia menciptakan 10 gol dalam 22 pertandingan. Permainan Kaka di Sao Paulo banyak menarik perhatian klub klub besar di Eropa.
Pada bulan September 2000, di usia 18 tahun, Kaká mengalami patah tulang belakang yang menyebabkan lumpuh sebagai akibat dari kecelakaan di kolam renang.
Debut internasional Kaka bulan Januari 2002 dalam pertandingan melawan Bolivia. Dia adalah bagian dari tim nasional yang menang pada Piala Dunia 2002, tetapi aksinya tidak terlalu terlihat karena hanya bermain 19 menit di babak pertama pertandingan Kosta Rika. Pada Tahun 2003, Kaka bergabung dengan klub yang dimiliki Silvio Berlusconi yaitu klub papan atas Liga Itali AC Milan dengan bayaran US $8.5m. Tidak usah menunggu lama, ia telah masuk ke dalam tim utama dan selalu menjadi menjadi tim inti.Debutnya di Serie A adalah ketika Milan bertandang melawan Ancona, menang 2-0. Dia semusim dia menyumbangkan 10 gol dalam 30 pertandingan. Dia juga membawa AC Milan menjuarai Serie A Championship dan European Super Cup.Kaka juga menjadi kapten tim Nasional dalam turnamen Piala Emas di Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko, Brasil berada di posisi kedua.
Pada tahun berikutnya musim 2004-2005, Kaka bermain dalam posisi penyerang bayangan dibelakang striker Andriy Shevchenko. Dia menyumbangkan 7 gol dari 36 pertandingan liga, Kaka menjuarai Piala Super Italia, Posisi kedua setelah Juventus di Serie A. Di Piala Konfederasi 2005, Kaká menciptakan gol dan menang dalam pertandingan final melawan Argentina (dalam perayaan setelah pertandingan, dia dan rekan-rekan setimnya memakai T-shirt dengan tulisan "Jesus Loves You--Yesus mencintaimu" dalam berbagai bahasa.)
Pada tanggal 9 April 2006, Kaka membuat "hat-trick" bersama AC Milan saat melawan Chievo Verona. Ketiga golnya dihasilkan pada babak pertama. Kaka menjadi icon di AC Milan, Kaka Not For Sale, itulah yang didengungkan fihak Milan , padahal Madrid mengiming-iming jumlah uang yang banyak untuk Kaka, AC Milan tidak ragu-ragu memperpanjang kontrak Kaka hingga 2011.
Kaká semakin matang sebagai pemain dan dianggap sebagai salah satu pemain terbaik Brasil. Dia mencatatkan gol pertama Brazil di Piala Dunia 2006 pada pertandingan melawan Kroasia tanggal 13 Juni 2006. Pada 3 September 2006 dia menyumbangkan salah satu gol briliannya.. Pada 15 November 2006, Kaká mendapatkan ban kapten Brazil dalam pertandingan persahabatan melawan Swiss.
Terlahir Dengan nama lengkap Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite (lahir 22 April 1982 di Brasília), lebih dikenal dengan nama Kaká, adalah seorang pemain bolasepak Brasil yang kini menyertai Kelab Real Madrid. Kaká adalah salah satu pemain sepakbola berbakat yang dimiliki Brasil, Negara yang satu ini memang gudangnya pemain berbakat dari jaman dahulu sampai sekarang. Anak dari pasangan Simone Cristina dos Santos Leite dan Bosco Izecson Pereira Leite. Kaka mempunyai istri yang bernama Caroline Celico yang dinikahinya pada tanggal 23 Desember 2005.
Kaká mempunyai adik laki-laki, Rodrigo, yang dikenal sebagai Digão, yang mengikuti langkahnya bermain bola di Itali. Nama panggilannya Kaká, diambil dari bahasa aslinya, Portuguese, yang diucapkan seperti ejaannya, dengan penekanan pada suku kata kedua yang ditandai dengan aksen. Itu biasa dipakai untuk menyingkat nama "Ricardo" di Brazil, bagaimanapun juga, Kaká mendapatkan nama panggilannya dari adiknya, Rodrigo, yang tidak pandai menyebut "Ricardo" ketika mereka masih kecil. Rodrigo memanggil abangnya "Caca" yang kemudian berganti menjadi "Kaká".
Pada umur 15 tahun Kaká menandatangani kontrak dengan Sao Paulo, dia memulai debutnya di tim yunior. Pada usia 17 tahun, Sao Paulo berniat menjual Kaká ke tim dari Liga divisi satu Turki, Gaziantepspor, namun transfer tidak terlaksana, karena masalah pembayaran. Debutnya di tim senior São Paulo FC pada tahun 2001 ketika di berusia 18 tahun. Pada musim pertama, ia menciptakan 12 gol dalam 27 pertandingan, sedangkan pada musim berikutnya dia menciptakan 10 gol dalam 22 pertandingan. Permainan Kaka di Sao Paulo banyak menarik perhatian klub klub besar di Eropa.
Pada bulan September 2000, di usia 18 tahun, Kaká mengalami patah tulang belakang yang menyebabkan lumpuh sebagai akibat dari kecelakaan di kolam renang.
Debut internasional Kaka bulan Januari 2002 dalam pertandingan melawan Bolivia. Dia adalah bagian dari tim nasional yang menang pada Piala Dunia 2002, tetapi aksinya tidak terlalu terlihat karena hanya bermain 19 menit di babak pertama pertandingan Kosta Rika. Pada Tahun 2003, Kaka bergabung dengan klub yang dimiliki Silvio Berlusconi yaitu klub papan atas Liga Itali AC Milan dengan bayaran US $8.5m. Tidak usah menunggu lama, ia telah masuk ke dalam tim utama dan selalu menjadi menjadi tim inti.Debutnya di Serie A adalah ketika Milan bertandang melawan Ancona, menang 2-0. Dia semusim dia menyumbangkan 10 gol dalam 30 pertandingan. Dia juga membawa AC Milan menjuarai Serie A Championship dan European Super Cup.Kaka juga menjadi kapten tim Nasional dalam turnamen Piala Emas di Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko, Brasil berada di posisi kedua.
Pada tahun berikutnya musim 2004-2005, Kaka bermain dalam posisi penyerang bayangan dibelakang striker Andriy Shevchenko. Dia menyumbangkan 7 gol dari 36 pertandingan liga, Kaka menjuarai Piala Super Italia, Posisi kedua setelah Juventus di Serie A. Di Piala Konfederasi 2005, Kaká menciptakan gol dan menang dalam pertandingan final melawan Argentina (dalam perayaan setelah pertandingan, dia dan rekan-rekan setimnya memakai T-shirt dengan tulisan "Jesus Loves You--Yesus mencintaimu" dalam berbagai bahasa.)
Pada tanggal 9 April 2006, Kaka membuat "hat-trick" bersama AC Milan saat melawan Chievo Verona. Ketiga golnya dihasilkan pada babak pertama. Kaka menjadi icon di AC Milan, Kaka Not For Sale, itulah yang didengungkan fihak Milan , padahal Madrid mengiming-iming jumlah uang yang banyak untuk Kaka, AC Milan tidak ragu-ragu memperpanjang kontrak Kaka hingga 2011.
Kaká semakin matang sebagai pemain dan dianggap sebagai salah satu pemain terbaik Brasil. Dia mencatatkan gol pertama Brazil di Piala Dunia 2006 pada pertandingan melawan Kroasia tanggal 13 Juni 2006. Pada 3 September 2006 dia menyumbangkan salah satu gol briliannya.. Pada 15 November 2006, Kaká mendapatkan ban kapten Brazil dalam pertandingan persahabatan melawan Swiss.
carburator
The carburetor works on Bernoulli's principle: the faster air moves, the lower its static pressure, and the higher its dynamic pressure. The throttle (accelerator) linkage does not directly control the flow of liquid fuel. Instead, it actuates carburetor mechanisms which meter the flow of air being pulled into the engine. The speed of this flow, and therefore its pressure, determines the amount of fuel drawn into the airstream.
When carburetors are used in aircraft with piston engines, special designs and features are needed to prevent fuel starvation during inverted flight. Later engines used an early form of fuel injection known as a pressure carburetor.
Most production carbureted (as opposed to fuel-injected) engines have a single carburetor and a matching intake manifold that divides and transports the air fuel mixture to the intake valves, though some engines (like motorcycle engines) use multiple carburetors on split heads. Multiple carburetor engines were also common enhancements for modifying engines in the USA from the 1950s to mid-1960s, as well as during the following decade of high-performance muscle cars fueling different chambers of the engine's intake manifold.
Older engines used updraft carburetors, where the air enters from below the carburetor and exits through the top. This had the advantage of never "flooding" the engine, as any liquid fuel droplets would fall out of the carburetor instead of into the intake manifold; it also lent itself to use of an oil bath air cleaner, where a pool of oil below a mesh element below the carburetor is sucked up into the mesh and the air is drawn through the oil-covered mesh; this was an effective system in a time when paper air filters did not exist.
Beginning in the late 1930s, downdraft carburetors were the most popular type for automotive use in the United States. In Europe, the sidedraft carburetors replaced downdraft as free space in the engine bay decreased and the use of the SU-type carburetor (and similar units from other manufacturers) increased. Some small propeller-driven aircraft engines still use the updraft carburetor design.
Outboard motor carburetors are typically sidedraft, because they must be stacked one on top of the other in order to feed the cylinders in a vertically-oriented cylinder block.
1979 Evinrude Type I marine sidedraft carburetor
The main disadvantage of basing a carburetor's operation on Bernoulli's principle is that, being a fluid dynamic device, the pressure reduction in a venturi tends to be proportional to the square of the intake air speed. The fuel jets are much smaller and limited mainly by viscosity, so that the fuel flow tends to be proportional to the pressure difference. So jets sized for full power tend to starve the engine at lower speed and part throttle. Most commonly this has been corrected by using multiple jets. In SU and other movable jet carburetors, it was corrected by varying the jet size. For cold starting, a different principle was used, in multi-jet carburetors. A flow resisting valve called a choke, similar to the throttle valve, was placed upstream of the main jet to reduce the intake pressure and suck additional fuel out of the jets.
[edit] Operation
* Fixed-venturi, in which the varying air velocity in the venturi alters the fuel flow; this architecture is employed in most carburetors found on cars.
* Variable-venturi, in which the fuel jet opening is varied by the slide (which simultaneously alters air flow). In "constant depression" carburetors, this is done by a vacuum operated piston connected to a tapered needle which slides inside the fuel jet. A simpler version exists, most commonly found on small motorcycles and dirt bikes, where the slide and needle is directly controlled by the throttle position. The most common variable venturi (constant depression) type carburetor is the sidedraft SU carburetor and similar models from Hitachi, Zenith-Stromberg and other makers. The UK location of the SU and Zenith-Stromberg companies helped these carburetors rise to a position of domination in the UK car market, though such carburetors were also very widely used on Volvos and other non-UK makes. Other similar designs have been used on some European and a few Japanese automobiles. These carburetors are also referred to as "constant velocity" or "constant vacuum" carburetors. An interesting variation was Ford's VV (Variable Venturi) carburetor, which was essentially a fixed venturi carburetor with one side of the venturi hinged and movable to give a narrow throat at low rpm and a wider throat at high rpm. This was designed to provide good mixing and airflow over a range of engine speeds, though the VV carburetor proved problematic in service.
A high performance 4-barrel carburetor.
Under all engine operating conditions, the carburetor must:
* Measure the airflow of the engine
* Deliver the correct amount of fuel to keep the fuel/air mixture in the proper range (adjusting for factors such as temperature)
* Mix the two finely and evenly
This job would be simple if air and gasoline (petrol) were ideal fluids; in practice, however, their deviations from ideal behavior due to viscosity, fluid drag, inertia, etc. require a great deal of complexity to compensate for exceptionally high or low engine speeds. A carburetor must provide the proper fuel/air mixture across a wide range of ambient temperatures, atmospheric pressures, engine speeds and loads, and centrifugal forces:
* Cold start
* Hot start
* Idling or slow-running
* Acceleration
* High speed / high power at full throttle
* Cruising at part throttle (light load)
In addition, modern carburetors are required to do this while maintaining low rates of exhaust emissions.
To function correctly under all these conditions, most carburetors contain a complex set of mechanisms to support several different operating modes, called circuits.
[edit] Basics
Cross Sectional schematic of a Carburetor
A carburetor basically consists of an open pipe through which the air passes into the inlet manifold of the engine. The pipe is in the form of a venturi: it narrows in section and then widens again, causing the airflow to increase in speed in the narrowest part. Below the venturi is a butterfly valve called the throttle valve — a rotating disc that can be turned end-on to the airflow, so as to hardly restrict the flow at all, or can be rotated so that it (almost) completely blocks the flow of air. This valve controls the flow of air through the carburetor throat and thus the quantity of air/fuel mixture the system will deliver, thereby regulating engine power and speed. The throttle is connected, usually through a cable or a mechanical linkage of rods and joints or rarely by pneumatic link, to the accelerator pedal on a car or the equivalent control on other vehicles or equipment.
Fuel is introduced into the air stream through small holes at the narrowest part of the venturi and at other places where pressure will be lowered when not running on full throttle. Fuel flow is adjusted by means of precisely-calibrated orifices, referred to as jets, in the fuel path.
[edit] Off-idle circuit
As the throttle is opened up slightly from the fully-closed position, the throttle plate uncovers additional fuel delivery holes behind the throttle plate where there is a low pressure area created by the throttle plate blocking air flow; these allow more fuel to flow as well as compensating for the reduced vacuum that occurs when the throttle is opened, thus smoothing the transition to metering fuel flow through the regular open throttle circuit.
[edit] Main open-throttle circuit
As the throttle is progressively opened, the manifold vacuum is lessened since there is less restriction on the airflow, reducing the flow through the idle and off-idle circuits. This is where the venturi shape of the carburetor throat comes into play, due to Bernoulli's principle (i.e., as the velocity increases, pressure falls). The venturi raises the air velocity, and this high speed and thus low pressure sucks fuel into the airstream through a nozzle or nozzles located in the center of the venturi. Sometimes one or more additional booster venturis are placed coaxially within the primary venturi to increase the effect.
As the throttle is closed, the airflow through the venturi drops until the lowered pressure is insufficient to maintain this fuel flow, and the idle circuit takes over again, as described above.
Bernoulli's principle, which is a function of the velocity of the fluid, is a dominant effect for large openings and large flow rates, but since fluid flow at small scales and low speeds (low Reynolds number) is dominated by viscosity, Bernoulli's principle is ineffective at idle or slow running and in the very small carburetors of the smallest model engines. Small model engines have flow restrictions ahead of the jets to reduce the pressure enough to suck the fuel into the air flow. Similarly the idle and slow running jets of large carburetors are placed after the throttle valve where the pressure is reduced partly by viscous drag, rather than by Bernoulli's principle. The most common rich mixture device for starting cold engines was the choke, which works on the same principle.
[edit] Power valve
For open throttle operation a richer mixture will produce more power, prevent pre-ignition detonation, and keep the engine cooler. This is usually addressed with a spring-loaded "power valve", which is held shut by engine vacuum. As the throttle opens up, the vacuum decreases and the spring opens the valve to let more fuel into the main circuit. On two-stroke engines, the operation of the power valve is the reverse of normal — it is normally "on" and at a set rpm it is turned "off". It is activated at high rpm to extend the engine's rev range, capitalizing on a two-stroke's tendency to rev higher momentarily when the mixture is lean.
Alternative to employing a power valve, the carburetor may utilize a metering rod or step-up rod system to enrich the fuel mixture under high-demand conditions. Such systems were originated by Carter Carburetor[citation needed] in the 1950s for the primary two venturis of their four barrel carburetors, and step-up rods were widely used on most 1-, 2-, and 4-barrel Carter carburetors through the end of production in the 1980s. The step-up rods are tapered at the bottom end, which extends into the main metering jets. The tops of the rods are connected to a vacuum piston and/or a mechanical linkage which lifts the rods out of the main jets when the throttle is opened (mechanical linkage) and/or when manifold vacuum drops (vacuum piston). When the step-up rod is lowered into the main jet, it restricts the fuel flow. When the step-up rod is raised out of the jet, more fuel can flow through it. In this manner, the amount of fuel delivered is tailored to the transient demands of the engine. Some 4-barrel carburetors use metering rods only on the primary two venturis, but some use them on both primary and secondary circuits, as in the Rochester Quadrajet.
[edit] Accelerator pump
Liquid gasoline, being denser than air, is slower than air to react to a force applied to it. When the throttle is rapidly opened, airflow through the carburetor increases immediately, faster than the fuel flow rate can increase. This transient oversupply of air causes a lean mixture, which makes the engine misfire (or "stumble")—an effect opposite what was demanded by opening the throttle. This is remedied by the use of a small piston or diaphragm pump which, when actuated by the throttle linkage, forces a small amount of gasoline through a jet into the carburetor throat.[4] This extra shot of fuel counteracts the transient lean condition on throttle tip-in. Most accelerator pumps are adjustable for volume and/or duration by some means. Eventually the seals around the moving parts of the pump wear such that pump output is reduced; this reduction of the accelerator pump shot causes stumbling under acceleration until the seals on the pump are renewed.
The accelerator pump is also used to prime the engine with fuel prior to a cold start. Excessive priming, like an improperly-adjusted choke, can cause flooding. This is when too much fuel and not enough air are present to support combustion. For this reason, most carburetors are equipped with an unloader mechanism: The accelerator is held at wide open throttle while the engine is cranked, the unloader holds the choke open and admits extra air, and eventually the excess fuel is cleared out and the engine starts.
[edit] Choke
When the engine is cold, fuel vaporizes less readily and tends to condense on the walls of the intake manifold, starving the cylinders of fuel and making the engine difficult to start; thus, a richer mixture (more fuel to air) is required to start and run the engine until it warms up. A richer mixture is also easier to ignite.
To provide the extra fuel, a choke is typically used; this is a device that restricts the flow of air at the entrance to the carburetor, before the venturi. With this restriction in place, extra vacuum is developed in the carburetor barrel, which pulls extra fuel through the main metering system to supplement the fuel being pulled from the idle and off-idle circuits. This provides the rich mixture required to sustain operation at low engine temperatures.
In addition, the choke can be connected to a cam (the fast idle cam) or other such device which prevents the throttle plate from closing fully while the choke is in operation. This causes the engine to idle at a higher speed. Fast idle serves as a way to help the engine warm up quickly, and give a more stable idle while cold by increasing airflow throughout the intake system which helps to better atomize the cold fuel.
In many carbureted cars, the choke is controlled by a cable connected to a pull-knob on the dashboard operated by the driver. In some carbureted cars it is automatically controlled by a thermostat employing a bimetallic spring, which is exposed to engine heat, or to an electric heating element. This heat may be transferred to the choke thermostat via simple convection, via engine coolant, or via air heated by the exhaust. More recent designs use the engine heat only indirectly: A sensor detects engine heat and varies electrical current to a small heating element, which acts upon the bimetallic spring to control its tension, thereby controlling the choke. A choke unloader is a linkage arrangement that forces the choke open against its spring when the vehicle's accelerator is moved to the end of its travel. This provision allows a "flooded" engine to be cleared out so that it will start.
Some carburetors do not have a choke but instead use a mixture enrichment circuit, or enrichener. Typically used on small engines, notably motorcycles, enricheners work by opening a secondary fuel circuit below the throttle valves. This circuit works exactly like the idle circuit, and when engaged it simply supplies extra fuel when the throttle is closed.
Classic British motorcycles, with side-draft slide throttle carburetors, used another type of "cold start device", called a "tickler". This is simply a spring-loaded rod that, when depressed, manually pushes the float down and allows excess fuel to fill the float bowl and flood the intake tract. If the "tickler" is held down too long it also floods the outside of the carburetor and the crankcase below, and is therefore a fire hazard.
[edit] Other elements
The interactions between each circuit may also be affected by various mechanical or air pressure connections and also by temperature sensitive and electrical components. These are introduced for reasons such as response, fuel efficiency or automobile emissions control. Various air bleeds (often chosen from a precisely calibrated range, similarly to the jets) allow air into various portions of the fuel passages to enhance fuel delivery and vaporization. Extra refinements may be included in the carburetor/manifold combination, such as some form of heating to aid fuel vaporization such as an early fuel evaporator.
[edit] Fuel supply
[edit] Float chamber
Holley "Visi-Flo" model #1904 carburetors from the 1950s, factory equipped with transparent glass bowls.
To ensure a ready mixture, the carburetor has a "float chamber" (or "bowl") that contains a quantity of fuel at near-atmospheric pressure, ready for use. This reservoir is constantly replenished with fuel supplied by a fuel pump. The correct fuel level in the bowl is maintained by means of a float controlling an inlet valve, in a manner very similar to that employed in a cistern (e.g. a toilet tank). As fuel is used up, the float drops, opening the inlet valve and admitting fuel. As the fuel level rises, the float rises and closes the inlet valve. The level of fuel maintained in the float bowl can usually be adjusted, whether by a setscrew or by something crude such as bending the arm to which the float is connected. This is usually a critical adjustment, and the proper adjustment is indicated by lines inscribed into a window on the float bowl, or a measurement of how far the float hangs below the top of the carburetor when disassembled, or similar. Floats can be made of different materials, such as sheet brass soldered into a hollow shape, or of plastic; hollow floats can spring small leaks and plastic floats can eventually become porous and lose their flotation; in either case the float will fail to float, fuel level will be too high, and the engine will not run unless the float is replaced. The valve itself becomes worn on its sides by its motion in its "seat" and will eventually try to close at an angle, and thus fails to shut off the fuel completely; again, this will cause excessive fuel flow and poor engine operation. Conversely, as the fuel evaporates from the float bowl, it leaves sediment, residue, and varnishes behind, which clog the passages and can interfere with the float operation. This is particularly a problem in automobiles operated for only part of the year and left to stand with full float chambers for months at a time; commercial fuel stabilizer additives are available that reduce this problem.
Usually, special vent tubes allow air to escape from the chamber as it fills or enter as it empties, maintaining atmospheric pressure within the float chamber; these usually extend into the carburetor throat. Placement of these vent tubes can be somewhat critical to prevent fuel from sloshing out of them into the carburetor, and sometimes they are modified with longer tubing. Note that this leaves the fuel at atmospheric pressure, and therefore it cannot travel into a throat which has been pressurized by a supercharger mounted upstream; in such cases, the entire carburetor must be contained in an airtight pressurized box to operate. This is not necessary in installations where the carburetor is mounted upstream of the supercharger, which is for this reason the more frequent system. However, this results in the supercharger being filled with compressed fuel/air mixture, with a strong tendency to explode should the engine backfire; this type of explosion is frequently seen in drag races, which for safety reasons now incorporate pressure releasing blow-off plates on the intake manifold, breakaway bolts holding the supercharger to the manifold, and shrapnel-catching ballistic nylon blankets surrounding the superchargers.
If the engine must be operated in any orientation (for example a chain saw), a float chamber cannot work. Instead, a diaphragm chamber is used. A flexible diaphragm forms one side of the fuel chamber and is arranged so that as fuel is drawn out into the engine the diaphragm is forced inward by ambient air pressure. The diaphragm is connected to the needle valve and as it moves inward it opens the needle valve to admit more fuel, thus replenishing the fuel as it is consumed. As fuel is replenished the diaphragm moves out due to fuel pressure and a small spring, closing the needle valve. A balanced state is reached which creates a steady fuel reservoir level, which remains constant in any orientation.
[edit] Multiple carburetor barrels
Holley model #2280 2-barrel carburetor
Colombo Type 125 "Testa Rossa" engine in a 1961 Ferrari 250TR Spider with six Weber two-barrel carburetors inducting air through 12 air horns; one individually adjustable barrel for each cylinder.
While basic carburetors have only one venturi, many carburetors have more than one venturi, or "barrel". Two barrel and four barrel configurations are commonly used to accommodate the higher air flow rate with large engine displacement. Multi-barrel carburetors can have non-identical primary and secondary barrel(s) of different sizes and calibrated to deliver different air/fuel mixtures; they can be actuated by the linkage or by engine vacuum in "progressive" fashion, so that the secondary barrels do not begin to open until the primaries are almost completely open. This is a desirable characteristic which maximizes airflow through the primary barrel(s) at most engine speeds, thereby maximizing the pressure "signal" from the venturis, but reduces the restriction in airflow at high speeds by adding cross-sectional area for greater airflow. These advantages may not be important in high-performance applications where part throttle operation is irrelevant, and the primaries and secondaries may all open at once, for simplicity and reliability; also, V-configuration engines, with two cylinder banks fed by a single carburetor, may be configured with two identical barrels, each supplying one cylinder bank. In the widely seen V8 and 4-barrel carburetor combination, there are often two primary and two secondary barrels.
The spread-bore 4-barrel carburetor, first released by Rochester in the 1965 model year as the "Quadrajet"[citation needed] has a much greater spread between the sizes of the primary and secondary throttle bores. The primaries in such a carburetor are quite small relative to conventional 4-barrel practice, while the secondaries are quite large. The small primaries aid low-speed fuel economy and drivability, while the large secondaries permit maximum performance when it is called for. To tailor airflow through the secondary venturis, each of the secondary throats has an air valve at the top. This is configured much like a choke plate, and is lightly spring-loaded into the closed position. The air valve opens progressively in response to engine speed and throttle opening, gradually allowing more air to flow through the secondary side of the carburetor. Typically, the air valve is linked to metering rods which are raised as the air valve opens, thereby adjusting secondary fuel flow.
Multiple carburetors can be mounted on a single engine, often with progressive linkages; two four-barrel carburetors were frequently seen on high performance American V8s, and multiple two barrel carburetors are often now seen on very high performance engines. Large numbers of small carburetors have also been used (see photo), though this configuration can limit the maximum air flow through the engine due to the lack of a common plenum; with individual intake tracts, not all cylinders are drawing air at once as the engine's crankshaft rotates.[5]
[edit] Carburetor adjustment
Too much fuel in the fuel-air mixture is referred to as too rich, and not enough fuel is too lean. The mixture is normally adjusted by one or more needle valves on an automotive carburetor, or a pilot-operated lever on piston-engined aircraft (since mixture is air density (altitude) dependent). The (stoichiometric) air to gasoline ratio is 14.7:1, meaning that for each weight unit of gasoline, 14.7 units of air will be consumed. Stoichiometric mixture are different for various fuels other than gasoline.
Ways to check carburetor mixture adjustment include: measuring the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and oxygen content of the exhaust using a gas analyzer, or directly viewing the colour of the flame in the combustion chamber through a special glass-bodied spark plug sold under the name "Colortune"[6] for this purpose. The flame colour of stoichiometric burning is described as a "bunsen blue", turning to yellow if the mixture is rich and whitish-blue if too lean.
The mixture can also be judged after engine running by the state and color of the spark plugs: black, dry sooty plugs indicate a too rich mixture, white to light gray deposits on the plugs indicate a lean mixture. The correct color should be a brownish gray. See also reading spark plugs.
In the early 1980s, many American-market vehicles used special "feedback" carburetors that could change the base mixture in response to signals from an exhaust gas oxygen sensor. These were mainly used to save costs (since they worked well enough to meet 1980s emissions requirements and were based on existing carburetor designs), but eventually disappeared as falling hardware prices and tighter emissions standards made fuel injection a standard item.
Where multiple carburetors are used the mechanical linkage of their throttles must be synchronized for smooth engine running.
[edit] Catalytic carburetors
A catalytic carburetor mixes fuel fumes with water and air in the presence of heated catalysts such as nickel or platinum. This breaks the fuel down into methane, alcohols, and other lighter-weight fuels. The original catalytic carburetor was introduced to permit farmers to run tractors from modified and enriched kerosene. The U.S. Army also used catalytic carburetors with great success in World War II, in the North African desert campaign[citation needed].
While catalytic carburetors were made commercially available in the early 1930s, two major factors limited their widespread public use. First, the addition of additives to commercial gasoline made it unsuitable for use in engines with catalytic carburetors. (Tetra-ethyl lead, for example, was introduced in 1932 to raise gasoline's resistance to engine knock, thereby permitting the use of higher compression ratios.) Second, the economic advantage of using kerosene over gasoline faded in the 1930s, eliminating the catalytic carburetor's primary advantage.
When carburetors are used in aircraft with piston engines, special designs and features are needed to prevent fuel starvation during inverted flight. Later engines used an early form of fuel injection known as a pressure carburetor.
Most production carbureted (as opposed to fuel-injected) engines have a single carburetor and a matching intake manifold that divides and transports the air fuel mixture to the intake valves, though some engines (like motorcycle engines) use multiple carburetors on split heads. Multiple carburetor engines were also common enhancements for modifying engines in the USA from the 1950s to mid-1960s, as well as during the following decade of high-performance muscle cars fueling different chambers of the engine's intake manifold.
Older engines used updraft carburetors, where the air enters from below the carburetor and exits through the top. This had the advantage of never "flooding" the engine, as any liquid fuel droplets would fall out of the carburetor instead of into the intake manifold; it also lent itself to use of an oil bath air cleaner, where a pool of oil below a mesh element below the carburetor is sucked up into the mesh and the air is drawn through the oil-covered mesh; this was an effective system in a time when paper air filters did not exist.
Beginning in the late 1930s, downdraft carburetors were the most popular type for automotive use in the United States. In Europe, the sidedraft carburetors replaced downdraft as free space in the engine bay decreased and the use of the SU-type carburetor (and similar units from other manufacturers) increased. Some small propeller-driven aircraft engines still use the updraft carburetor design.
Outboard motor carburetors are typically sidedraft, because they must be stacked one on top of the other in order to feed the cylinders in a vertically-oriented cylinder block.
1979 Evinrude Type I marine sidedraft carburetor
The main disadvantage of basing a carburetor's operation on Bernoulli's principle is that, being a fluid dynamic device, the pressure reduction in a venturi tends to be proportional to the square of the intake air speed. The fuel jets are much smaller and limited mainly by viscosity, so that the fuel flow tends to be proportional to the pressure difference. So jets sized for full power tend to starve the engine at lower speed and part throttle. Most commonly this has been corrected by using multiple jets. In SU and other movable jet carburetors, it was corrected by varying the jet size. For cold starting, a different principle was used, in multi-jet carburetors. A flow resisting valve called a choke, similar to the throttle valve, was placed upstream of the main jet to reduce the intake pressure and suck additional fuel out of the jets.
[edit] Operation
* Fixed-venturi, in which the varying air velocity in the venturi alters the fuel flow; this architecture is employed in most carburetors found on cars.
* Variable-venturi, in which the fuel jet opening is varied by the slide (which simultaneously alters air flow). In "constant depression" carburetors, this is done by a vacuum operated piston connected to a tapered needle which slides inside the fuel jet. A simpler version exists, most commonly found on small motorcycles and dirt bikes, where the slide and needle is directly controlled by the throttle position. The most common variable venturi (constant depression) type carburetor is the sidedraft SU carburetor and similar models from Hitachi, Zenith-Stromberg and other makers. The UK location of the SU and Zenith-Stromberg companies helped these carburetors rise to a position of domination in the UK car market, though such carburetors were also very widely used on Volvos and other non-UK makes. Other similar designs have been used on some European and a few Japanese automobiles. These carburetors are also referred to as "constant velocity" or "constant vacuum" carburetors. An interesting variation was Ford's VV (Variable Venturi) carburetor, which was essentially a fixed venturi carburetor with one side of the venturi hinged and movable to give a narrow throat at low rpm and a wider throat at high rpm. This was designed to provide good mixing and airflow over a range of engine speeds, though the VV carburetor proved problematic in service.
A high performance 4-barrel carburetor.
Under all engine operating conditions, the carburetor must:
* Measure the airflow of the engine
* Deliver the correct amount of fuel to keep the fuel/air mixture in the proper range (adjusting for factors such as temperature)
* Mix the two finely and evenly
This job would be simple if air and gasoline (petrol) were ideal fluids; in practice, however, their deviations from ideal behavior due to viscosity, fluid drag, inertia, etc. require a great deal of complexity to compensate for exceptionally high or low engine speeds. A carburetor must provide the proper fuel/air mixture across a wide range of ambient temperatures, atmospheric pressures, engine speeds and loads, and centrifugal forces:
* Cold start
* Hot start
* Idling or slow-running
* Acceleration
* High speed / high power at full throttle
* Cruising at part throttle (light load)
In addition, modern carburetors are required to do this while maintaining low rates of exhaust emissions.
To function correctly under all these conditions, most carburetors contain a complex set of mechanisms to support several different operating modes, called circuits.
[edit] Basics
Cross Sectional schematic of a Carburetor
A carburetor basically consists of an open pipe through which the air passes into the inlet manifold of the engine. The pipe is in the form of a venturi: it narrows in section and then widens again, causing the airflow to increase in speed in the narrowest part. Below the venturi is a butterfly valve called the throttle valve — a rotating disc that can be turned end-on to the airflow, so as to hardly restrict the flow at all, or can be rotated so that it (almost) completely blocks the flow of air. This valve controls the flow of air through the carburetor throat and thus the quantity of air/fuel mixture the system will deliver, thereby regulating engine power and speed. The throttle is connected, usually through a cable or a mechanical linkage of rods and joints or rarely by pneumatic link, to the accelerator pedal on a car or the equivalent control on other vehicles or equipment.
Fuel is introduced into the air stream through small holes at the narrowest part of the venturi and at other places where pressure will be lowered when not running on full throttle. Fuel flow is adjusted by means of precisely-calibrated orifices, referred to as jets, in the fuel path.
[edit] Off-idle circuit
As the throttle is opened up slightly from the fully-closed position, the throttle plate uncovers additional fuel delivery holes behind the throttle plate where there is a low pressure area created by the throttle plate blocking air flow; these allow more fuel to flow as well as compensating for the reduced vacuum that occurs when the throttle is opened, thus smoothing the transition to metering fuel flow through the regular open throttle circuit.
[edit] Main open-throttle circuit
As the throttle is progressively opened, the manifold vacuum is lessened since there is less restriction on the airflow, reducing the flow through the idle and off-idle circuits. This is where the venturi shape of the carburetor throat comes into play, due to Bernoulli's principle (i.e., as the velocity increases, pressure falls). The venturi raises the air velocity, and this high speed and thus low pressure sucks fuel into the airstream through a nozzle or nozzles located in the center of the venturi. Sometimes one or more additional booster venturis are placed coaxially within the primary venturi to increase the effect.
As the throttle is closed, the airflow through the venturi drops until the lowered pressure is insufficient to maintain this fuel flow, and the idle circuit takes over again, as described above.
Bernoulli's principle, which is a function of the velocity of the fluid, is a dominant effect for large openings and large flow rates, but since fluid flow at small scales and low speeds (low Reynolds number) is dominated by viscosity, Bernoulli's principle is ineffective at idle or slow running and in the very small carburetors of the smallest model engines. Small model engines have flow restrictions ahead of the jets to reduce the pressure enough to suck the fuel into the air flow. Similarly the idle and slow running jets of large carburetors are placed after the throttle valve where the pressure is reduced partly by viscous drag, rather than by Bernoulli's principle. The most common rich mixture device for starting cold engines was the choke, which works on the same principle.
[edit] Power valve
For open throttle operation a richer mixture will produce more power, prevent pre-ignition detonation, and keep the engine cooler. This is usually addressed with a spring-loaded "power valve", which is held shut by engine vacuum. As the throttle opens up, the vacuum decreases and the spring opens the valve to let more fuel into the main circuit. On two-stroke engines, the operation of the power valve is the reverse of normal — it is normally "on" and at a set rpm it is turned "off". It is activated at high rpm to extend the engine's rev range, capitalizing on a two-stroke's tendency to rev higher momentarily when the mixture is lean.
Alternative to employing a power valve, the carburetor may utilize a metering rod or step-up rod system to enrich the fuel mixture under high-demand conditions. Such systems were originated by Carter Carburetor[citation needed] in the 1950s for the primary two venturis of their four barrel carburetors, and step-up rods were widely used on most 1-, 2-, and 4-barrel Carter carburetors through the end of production in the 1980s. The step-up rods are tapered at the bottom end, which extends into the main metering jets. The tops of the rods are connected to a vacuum piston and/or a mechanical linkage which lifts the rods out of the main jets when the throttle is opened (mechanical linkage) and/or when manifold vacuum drops (vacuum piston). When the step-up rod is lowered into the main jet, it restricts the fuel flow. When the step-up rod is raised out of the jet, more fuel can flow through it. In this manner, the amount of fuel delivered is tailored to the transient demands of the engine. Some 4-barrel carburetors use metering rods only on the primary two venturis, but some use them on both primary and secondary circuits, as in the Rochester Quadrajet.
[edit] Accelerator pump
Liquid gasoline, being denser than air, is slower than air to react to a force applied to it. When the throttle is rapidly opened, airflow through the carburetor increases immediately, faster than the fuel flow rate can increase. This transient oversupply of air causes a lean mixture, which makes the engine misfire (or "stumble")—an effect opposite what was demanded by opening the throttle. This is remedied by the use of a small piston or diaphragm pump which, when actuated by the throttle linkage, forces a small amount of gasoline through a jet into the carburetor throat.[4] This extra shot of fuel counteracts the transient lean condition on throttle tip-in. Most accelerator pumps are adjustable for volume and/or duration by some means. Eventually the seals around the moving parts of the pump wear such that pump output is reduced; this reduction of the accelerator pump shot causes stumbling under acceleration until the seals on the pump are renewed.
The accelerator pump is also used to prime the engine with fuel prior to a cold start. Excessive priming, like an improperly-adjusted choke, can cause flooding. This is when too much fuel and not enough air are present to support combustion. For this reason, most carburetors are equipped with an unloader mechanism: The accelerator is held at wide open throttle while the engine is cranked, the unloader holds the choke open and admits extra air, and eventually the excess fuel is cleared out and the engine starts.
[edit] Choke
When the engine is cold, fuel vaporizes less readily and tends to condense on the walls of the intake manifold, starving the cylinders of fuel and making the engine difficult to start; thus, a richer mixture (more fuel to air) is required to start and run the engine until it warms up. A richer mixture is also easier to ignite.
To provide the extra fuel, a choke is typically used; this is a device that restricts the flow of air at the entrance to the carburetor, before the venturi. With this restriction in place, extra vacuum is developed in the carburetor barrel, which pulls extra fuel through the main metering system to supplement the fuel being pulled from the idle and off-idle circuits. This provides the rich mixture required to sustain operation at low engine temperatures.
In addition, the choke can be connected to a cam (the fast idle cam) or other such device which prevents the throttle plate from closing fully while the choke is in operation. This causes the engine to idle at a higher speed. Fast idle serves as a way to help the engine warm up quickly, and give a more stable idle while cold by increasing airflow throughout the intake system which helps to better atomize the cold fuel.
In many carbureted cars, the choke is controlled by a cable connected to a pull-knob on the dashboard operated by the driver. In some carbureted cars it is automatically controlled by a thermostat employing a bimetallic spring, which is exposed to engine heat, or to an electric heating element. This heat may be transferred to the choke thermostat via simple convection, via engine coolant, or via air heated by the exhaust. More recent designs use the engine heat only indirectly: A sensor detects engine heat and varies electrical current to a small heating element, which acts upon the bimetallic spring to control its tension, thereby controlling the choke. A choke unloader is a linkage arrangement that forces the choke open against its spring when the vehicle's accelerator is moved to the end of its travel. This provision allows a "flooded" engine to be cleared out so that it will start.
Some carburetors do not have a choke but instead use a mixture enrichment circuit, or enrichener. Typically used on small engines, notably motorcycles, enricheners work by opening a secondary fuel circuit below the throttle valves. This circuit works exactly like the idle circuit, and when engaged it simply supplies extra fuel when the throttle is closed.
Classic British motorcycles, with side-draft slide throttle carburetors, used another type of "cold start device", called a "tickler". This is simply a spring-loaded rod that, when depressed, manually pushes the float down and allows excess fuel to fill the float bowl and flood the intake tract. If the "tickler" is held down too long it also floods the outside of the carburetor and the crankcase below, and is therefore a fire hazard.
[edit] Other elements
The interactions between each circuit may also be affected by various mechanical or air pressure connections and also by temperature sensitive and electrical components. These are introduced for reasons such as response, fuel efficiency or automobile emissions control. Various air bleeds (often chosen from a precisely calibrated range, similarly to the jets) allow air into various portions of the fuel passages to enhance fuel delivery and vaporization. Extra refinements may be included in the carburetor/manifold combination, such as some form of heating to aid fuel vaporization such as an early fuel evaporator.
[edit] Fuel supply
[edit] Float chamber
Holley "Visi-Flo" model #1904 carburetors from the 1950s, factory equipped with transparent glass bowls.
To ensure a ready mixture, the carburetor has a "float chamber" (or "bowl") that contains a quantity of fuel at near-atmospheric pressure, ready for use. This reservoir is constantly replenished with fuel supplied by a fuel pump. The correct fuel level in the bowl is maintained by means of a float controlling an inlet valve, in a manner very similar to that employed in a cistern (e.g. a toilet tank). As fuel is used up, the float drops, opening the inlet valve and admitting fuel. As the fuel level rises, the float rises and closes the inlet valve. The level of fuel maintained in the float bowl can usually be adjusted, whether by a setscrew or by something crude such as bending the arm to which the float is connected. This is usually a critical adjustment, and the proper adjustment is indicated by lines inscribed into a window on the float bowl, or a measurement of how far the float hangs below the top of the carburetor when disassembled, or similar. Floats can be made of different materials, such as sheet brass soldered into a hollow shape, or of plastic; hollow floats can spring small leaks and plastic floats can eventually become porous and lose their flotation; in either case the float will fail to float, fuel level will be too high, and the engine will not run unless the float is replaced. The valve itself becomes worn on its sides by its motion in its "seat" and will eventually try to close at an angle, and thus fails to shut off the fuel completely; again, this will cause excessive fuel flow and poor engine operation. Conversely, as the fuel evaporates from the float bowl, it leaves sediment, residue, and varnishes behind, which clog the passages and can interfere with the float operation. This is particularly a problem in automobiles operated for only part of the year and left to stand with full float chambers for months at a time; commercial fuel stabilizer additives are available that reduce this problem.
Usually, special vent tubes allow air to escape from the chamber as it fills or enter as it empties, maintaining atmospheric pressure within the float chamber; these usually extend into the carburetor throat. Placement of these vent tubes can be somewhat critical to prevent fuel from sloshing out of them into the carburetor, and sometimes they are modified with longer tubing. Note that this leaves the fuel at atmospheric pressure, and therefore it cannot travel into a throat which has been pressurized by a supercharger mounted upstream; in such cases, the entire carburetor must be contained in an airtight pressurized box to operate. This is not necessary in installations where the carburetor is mounted upstream of the supercharger, which is for this reason the more frequent system. However, this results in the supercharger being filled with compressed fuel/air mixture, with a strong tendency to explode should the engine backfire; this type of explosion is frequently seen in drag races, which for safety reasons now incorporate pressure releasing blow-off plates on the intake manifold, breakaway bolts holding the supercharger to the manifold, and shrapnel-catching ballistic nylon blankets surrounding the superchargers.
If the engine must be operated in any orientation (for example a chain saw), a float chamber cannot work. Instead, a diaphragm chamber is used. A flexible diaphragm forms one side of the fuel chamber and is arranged so that as fuel is drawn out into the engine the diaphragm is forced inward by ambient air pressure. The diaphragm is connected to the needle valve and as it moves inward it opens the needle valve to admit more fuel, thus replenishing the fuel as it is consumed. As fuel is replenished the diaphragm moves out due to fuel pressure and a small spring, closing the needle valve. A balanced state is reached which creates a steady fuel reservoir level, which remains constant in any orientation.
[edit] Multiple carburetor barrels
Holley model #2280 2-barrel carburetor
Colombo Type 125 "Testa Rossa" engine in a 1961 Ferrari 250TR Spider with six Weber two-barrel carburetors inducting air through 12 air horns; one individually adjustable barrel for each cylinder.
While basic carburetors have only one venturi, many carburetors have more than one venturi, or "barrel". Two barrel and four barrel configurations are commonly used to accommodate the higher air flow rate with large engine displacement. Multi-barrel carburetors can have non-identical primary and secondary barrel(s) of different sizes and calibrated to deliver different air/fuel mixtures; they can be actuated by the linkage or by engine vacuum in "progressive" fashion, so that the secondary barrels do not begin to open until the primaries are almost completely open. This is a desirable characteristic which maximizes airflow through the primary barrel(s) at most engine speeds, thereby maximizing the pressure "signal" from the venturis, but reduces the restriction in airflow at high speeds by adding cross-sectional area for greater airflow. These advantages may not be important in high-performance applications where part throttle operation is irrelevant, and the primaries and secondaries may all open at once, for simplicity and reliability; also, V-configuration engines, with two cylinder banks fed by a single carburetor, may be configured with two identical barrels, each supplying one cylinder bank. In the widely seen V8 and 4-barrel carburetor combination, there are often two primary and two secondary barrels.
The spread-bore 4-barrel carburetor, first released by Rochester in the 1965 model year as the "Quadrajet"[citation needed] has a much greater spread between the sizes of the primary and secondary throttle bores. The primaries in such a carburetor are quite small relative to conventional 4-barrel practice, while the secondaries are quite large. The small primaries aid low-speed fuel economy and drivability, while the large secondaries permit maximum performance when it is called for. To tailor airflow through the secondary venturis, each of the secondary throats has an air valve at the top. This is configured much like a choke plate, and is lightly spring-loaded into the closed position. The air valve opens progressively in response to engine speed and throttle opening, gradually allowing more air to flow through the secondary side of the carburetor. Typically, the air valve is linked to metering rods which are raised as the air valve opens, thereby adjusting secondary fuel flow.
Multiple carburetors can be mounted on a single engine, often with progressive linkages; two four-barrel carburetors were frequently seen on high performance American V8s, and multiple two barrel carburetors are often now seen on very high performance engines. Large numbers of small carburetors have also been used (see photo), though this configuration can limit the maximum air flow through the engine due to the lack of a common plenum; with individual intake tracts, not all cylinders are drawing air at once as the engine's crankshaft rotates.[5]
[edit] Carburetor adjustment
Too much fuel in the fuel-air mixture is referred to as too rich, and not enough fuel is too lean. The mixture is normally adjusted by one or more needle valves on an automotive carburetor, or a pilot-operated lever on piston-engined aircraft (since mixture is air density (altitude) dependent). The (stoichiometric) air to gasoline ratio is 14.7:1, meaning that for each weight unit of gasoline, 14.7 units of air will be consumed. Stoichiometric mixture are different for various fuels other than gasoline.
Ways to check carburetor mixture adjustment include: measuring the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and oxygen content of the exhaust using a gas analyzer, or directly viewing the colour of the flame in the combustion chamber through a special glass-bodied spark plug sold under the name "Colortune"[6] for this purpose. The flame colour of stoichiometric burning is described as a "bunsen blue", turning to yellow if the mixture is rich and whitish-blue if too lean.
The mixture can also be judged after engine running by the state and color of the spark plugs: black, dry sooty plugs indicate a too rich mixture, white to light gray deposits on the plugs indicate a lean mixture. The correct color should be a brownish gray. See also reading spark plugs.
In the early 1980s, many American-market vehicles used special "feedback" carburetors that could change the base mixture in response to signals from an exhaust gas oxygen sensor. These were mainly used to save costs (since they worked well enough to meet 1980s emissions requirements and were based on existing carburetor designs), but eventually disappeared as falling hardware prices and tighter emissions standards made fuel injection a standard item.
Where multiple carburetors are used the mechanical linkage of their throttles must be synchronized for smooth engine running.
[edit] Catalytic carburetors
A catalytic carburetor mixes fuel fumes with water and air in the presence of heated catalysts such as nickel or platinum. This breaks the fuel down into methane, alcohols, and other lighter-weight fuels. The original catalytic carburetor was introduced to permit farmers to run tractors from modified and enriched kerosene. The U.S. Army also used catalytic carburetors with great success in World War II, in the North African desert campaign[citation needed].
While catalytic carburetors were made commercially available in the early 1930s, two major factors limited their widespread public use. First, the addition of additives to commercial gasoline made it unsuitable for use in engines with catalytic carburetors. (Tetra-ethyl lead, for example, was introduced in 1932 to raise gasoline's resistance to engine knock, thereby permitting the use of higher compression ratios.) Second, the economic advantage of using kerosene over gasoline faded in the 1930s, eliminating the catalytic carburetor's primary advantage.
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